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United States Army Reserve
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The United States Army Reserve is the federal reserve force of the United States Army. Together, the Army Reserve and the Army National Guard constitute the reserve components of the United States Army. It was formed in 1908 to provide a reserve of medical officers.
Reserve soldiers perform only part-time duties as opposed to full-time ("active duty") soldiers, but may be called upon to do full-time duty. They generally perform training or service one weekend per month (inactive duty for training or Battle Assembly) and for two continuous weeks at some time during the year (annual training). Many reserve soldiers are organized into Army Reserve units, while others serve to augment active Army units.
All United States Army soldiers sign an initial eight year service
contract upon entry into the military. Typically, the contract specifies that some of the service will be served in the
Regular Army, or "active component" (two, three, or four years), with the rest of the service to be served in the reserve component. However, some soldiers elect to sign a contract specifying that all eight years be served in the reserve component, the soldier is entering directly into the Army Reserve and is only required to be on active duty for basic training and some sort of advanced training. This is usually active army advanced Individual training. Those soldiers who serve a period of years in the active component and choose not to re-enlist in the active component are automatically transferred afterwards to the reserve component to complete their initial eight year service obligation. After the expiration of the initial eight year service contract, soldiers who elect to continue their service may sign subsequent contracts consecutively until they finally leave the service; however, officers may have the option to opt for an "indefinite" contact, in which case the soldier remains a part of the military until they retire, are removed from the service for cause, or elect to leave the service.
The Army Reserve was composed of 204,134 soldiers as of 2005.
Contents
- 1 Current Leadership
- 2 Importance to the Active Army
- 3 Current Formations and Units
- 4 Other components
- 5 See also
- 6 References
- 7 External links
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Current Leadership
On May 25, 2006, Lieutenant General Jack C. Stultz became Chief, Army Reserve, and Commanding General, United States Army Reserve Command, after serving as the Command's Deputy Commanding General since October 2005. Prior to assignment to the Army Reserve Command, Lieutenant General Stultz served as the Commanding General of the 143rd Transportation Command.
On August 29, 2006, Command Sergeant Major Leon Caffie was sworn in as the Command Sergeant Major of the Army Reserve, serving as the Chief of the Army Reserve's senior advisor on all enlisted soldier matters, particularly areas affecting training, leader development, mobilization, employer support, family readiness and support, and quality of life. In his capacity as CSM of the Army Reserve, he dedicates the majority of his time traveling throughout the United States and overseas visiting, observing, and listening to soldiers and families to address their issues and concerns.
Importance to the Active Army
In the early 1980s Army Reserve soldiers constituted the following numbers in US Army units:
- 100% of training divisions, brigades, and railway units
- 97% of civil affairs units
- 89% of psychological operations units
- 85% of smoke generator companies
- 78% of Petrol/Oil/Lubricant (POL) supply companies
- 62% of Army hospitals
- 61% of terminal companies
- 59% of the supply and service capability of the Army
- 51% of ammunition companies
- 43% of airborne pathfinder units
- 43% of watercraft companies
- 42% of chemical decontamination units
- 38% of combat support aviation companies
- 26% of combat engineer battalions
- 25% of Special Forces Groups
- smaller percentages of other units and formations such as combat brigades and tank battalions
However in the post-Cold War draw-down all combat units except the 100th Battalion, 442nd Infantry Regiment were disbanded, which meant the disestablishment of the three remaining Army Reserve fighting brigades (the 157th Infantry Brigade (Mech) (Sep) of Pennsylvania, the 187th Infantry Brigade (Sep) of Massachusetts, and the 205th Infantry Brigade (Sep) (Light) of Minnesota). Many of the Army Reserve training divisions were realigned as institutional training divisions.
Current Formations and Units
- U.S. 75th Division (Training Support) (USAR) at Houston, Texas
- U.S. 77th Division (Reinforcement Training Unit) (USAR) "Statue of Liberty Division" at Fort Totten, New York
- U.S. 78th Division (Training Support) (USAR) "Lightning Division" at Fort Dix, New Jersey
- U.S. 80th Division (Training Support) (USAR) "Blue Ridge Division" at Richmond, Virginia
- U.S. 84th Division (Training Support) (USAR) "Lincoln County Division" at Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- U.S. 85th Division (Training Support) (USAR) "Custer Division" at Arlington Heights, Illinois
- U.S. 87th Division (Training Support) (USAR) "Acorn Division" at Birmingham, Alabama
- U.S. 91st Division (Training Support) (USAR) "Wild West Division" at Fort Hunter Liggett, California
- U.S. 95th Division (Institutional Training) (USAR) "Victory Division" at Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- U.S. 98th Division (Institutional Training) (USAR) "Iroquois Division" at Rochester, New York
- U.S. 99th Division (Training Support) (USAR) "Checkmate" at Coraopolis, Pennsylvania
- U.S. 100th Division (Institutional Training) (USAR) "Century Division" at Fort Knox, Kentucky
- U.S. 104th Division (Institutional Training) (USAR) "Timberwolf Division" at Fort Lewis, Washington
- U.S. 108th Division (Institutional Training) (USAR) "Golden Griffins" at Charlotte, North Carolina
- 100th Battalion, 442nd Infantry
- Aviation units
- other formations, units, and establishments
Other components
See the Army of the United States for the conscription (US term:draft) force of the United States Army that may be raised at the discretion of the United States Congress in the event of the United States entering into a major armed conflict.
See also
References
- David Isby & Charles Kamps Jr, Armies of NATO's Central Front, Jane's Publishing Company, 1985
