United States House elections, 2004

Elections to the United States House of Representatives for the 109th Congress were held on November 2, 2004. The House of Representatives has 435 seats. In the 108th Congress, Republicans held 227 seats, Democrats held 205, with two Republican vacancies and one independent. As a consequence of this election, the 109th Congress began composed of 232 Republicans, 201 Democrats, one independent (who caucuses with the Democrats), and one vacancy (Democrat Representative Bob Matsui won reelection, but died on January 1 2005, just three days before the beginning of the 109th Congress.). The Republicans thereby built up their House majority by 3 seats (gaining 8 but losing 5).

Of the eight gross seats the Republicans gained, five can be attributed to a special redistricting plan in Texas led by Republican Representative Tom DeLay. His redistricting plan was put into action, turning five Democratic seats Republican. A mid-decade redistricting like this was controversial, but not unprecedented. In the late 19th century, states redistricted House seats frequently, typically when political power shifted in the state legislature and a new party gained majority control^{[citation needed]}.

Outside of Texas, Democrats gained two seats net, gaining open seats in Colorado, South Dakota (through a 2004 special election) and New York and ousting incumbents in Georgia and Illinois. Republicans gained an open seat in Kentucky and ousted an incumbent in Indiana. A pair of seats in Louisiana swapped party control.

On the same date were the 2004 Presidential election, the 2004 Senate election, and many state gubernatorial elections.

Overall results

¹ Vacancy due to death of Patsy Mink (D-Hawaii).

Voting members

Key to party abbreviations: AI=American Independent, C=Constitution, D=Democrat, G=Green, I=Independent, IP=Independence Party, PF=Peace and Freedom Party, L=Libertarian, R=Republican.

Key to color code: Blue=Democratic pickup; Red=Republican pickup.

Alabama

Alaska

Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware

Florida