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Transmission medium
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A transmission medium is any material substance which can propagate waves or energy.
A transmission medium can be classified as a:
- Linear medium, if different waves at any particular point in the medium can be superimposed;
- Bounded medium, if it is finite in extent, otherwise unbounded medium;
- Uniform medium, if its physical properties are unchanged at different points;
- Isotropic medium, if its physical properties are the same in different directions.
Electromagnetic radiation can be transmitted through
optical media such as
optical fiber,
twisted pair wires,
coaxial cable,
dielectric-slab
waveguides. It may also pass through any physical material which is transparent to the specific
wavelength, such as
water,
air,
glass, or
concrete. Electromagnetic waves do not require a physical transmission medium unlike mechanical waves, and so can travel through the "
vacuum" of
free space. Regions of the
insulative vacuum can become
conductive for
electrical conduction through the presence of
free electrons,
holes, or
ions. Historically, various
aether theories were used in science and thought to be necessary to explain the transmission medium.
Sound is, by definition, the vibration of matter, so it requires a physical medium for transmission, as does
heat energy.
Telecommunications
For telecommunications purposes in the United States, Federal Standard 1037C, transmission media are classified as one of the following:
Wireless media may carry surface waves or skywaves, either longitudinally or transversely, and are so classified.
See also
it:Mezzo trasmissivo
