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When the conquistadors led by Hernán Cortés lay siege to Tenochtitlán, they conquered and razed it district by district. The surrounding aztec cities surrendered to Hernan, but Tlatelolcas remain with the aztec (Tenochcas). The Aztecs, led by Cuauhtemoc, were finally confined to Tlaltelolco, where they made their last stand, and were defeated beside the Tlatelolcas and slaughtered by the conquistadors. Over 40,000 Aztec men, women, and children perished at Tlatelolco on August 13, 1521. The Nonoalco-Tlatelolco housing project, built in the 1960s, is served by Metro Tlatelolco. It is also home to the pyramid-shaped Banobras building, which houses a 47-bell carillon. At 125 m, this is the world's tallest carillon tower. There is also a building covered with white marble that was home of the Foreign Relations Secretariat.
On October 2, 1968, ten days before the start of the 1968 Summer Olympics the plaza was the scene of the Tlatelolco massacre, in which more than 300 student protestors were killed by army and police. On September 19, 1985, many housing buildings were destroyed or suffered damages due to an earthquake which affected Mexico City. One structure, the "Nuevo León" building, became a symbol of the Mexican people's solidarity during the disaster, represented in a small square in the spot where the building collapsed. Among others, Plácido Domingo labored there to help to rescue survivors.
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