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Most organizations that are accused of being a "terrorist organization" will deny using terrorism as a military tactic to achieve their goals, and there is no international consensus on the bureaucratic definition of terrorism. Therefore, this list is of organisations that are, or have been in the past, proscribed as "terrorist organizations" by other organizations, including the United Nations and national governments, where the proscription has a significant impact on the group's activities.[1]
This listing does not include states or governmental organisations which are considered under state terrorism.
Contents
1Religious terrorists
1.1Christian
1.2Islamist
1.2.1Islamist fronts
1.3Jewish
1.4Sikh
1.5Other religious terrorists
2Nationalistic terrorist organizations
2.1Irish Nationalists (Northern Ireland)
2.2Ulster Loyalists (Northern Ireland)
2.3Indonesia
2.4Palestinian
2.4.1Jewish (Historical)
2.4.2Arab
2.5Tamil Nationalist
2.6Other nationalist terrorists
3Anarchist
4Leftist, Communist, Leninist, Trotskyst, Maoist and Marxist
5Ethnic terrorists (including neo-Nazis and white-supremacists)
6Anti-Communists
7Cuban exile groups
8Issue-specific
8.1Ecologist
8.2Abortion
9Others
9.1Africa
9.2Caribbean
9.3France
9.4Spain
9.5United Kingdom
9.6United States
10See also
11References
12External links
Religious terrorists
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Religious terrorism is a form of religious violence. As with other forms of terrorism, there is no real consensus as to its definition. Groups are frequently classified as practitioners of religious terrorism for any one of the following reasons:
The group itself is defined by religion rather than by other factors (such as ideology or ethnicity).
Religion plays some part in defining or determining the objectives or methods of the group.
The ultimate objective of the group is religiously defined.
Controversy concerning classification is often found because:
Religion and ethnicity frequently coincide. Ethnic conflict may thus appear as religious, or religious conflict may appear as ethnic.
Religious groups, like other groups, frequently pursue political goals. In such cases it is often not clear which is uppermost, the political goal or the religious motivation.
Groups which have used principal religious motives for their terrorist acts and were deemed as such by supranational organizations and governments are listed here in alphabetical order by religion.
Nagaland Rebels (1947-present) Active in predominantly Christian state in Hindu majority India. Involved in several bombings in 2004. Goal: Independence from India after annexing parts of neighboring Indian states and Burma if it has Christian majority.
KKK is a fraternal organizations in the United States that have advocated white supremacy, anti-Semitism, racism, anti-Catholicism, homophobia, and nativism.
Seeks to establish Islamist state in Egypt. Usually targets secular establishments, government buildings, police, the military, minorities, tourists, and “morally offensive” buildings.
Seeks to establish Islamist state in Algeria. Began operations in 1992 after the Algerian government ignored election results that gave victory to Islamist political parties.
In Arabic, "the foundation", "the base", or "the database" kept by intelligence services of anti-Soviet Afghani fighters.
Also known as Qa‘idat al-Jihad, Islamic Army for the Liberation of the Holy Places, World Islamic Front for Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders, Islamic Salvation Foundation, and the Osama bin Laden Network.
Related: Alneda (former web site), As-Sahab (affiliated public relations organization),
All of these groups demand a Khalistan (Land of the Pure) in the Indian state of Punjab and adjoining areas for Sikhs. Most have a variable amount of support from Sikhs abroad and have been in existence since the 1980s. Many have been weakened and have cut down on activities, yet they continue. The militancy in Punjab has claimed approximately 100,000 lives, according to estimates put forward by Amnesty International: this figure involves killings by both Sikh militants and the Indian forces. With the exception of the first two, the other groups have only been proscribed in India.
Lord's Resistance Army Christian/Pagan/Muslim terrorist group that operates in northern Uganda, it seeks to overthrow the Ugandan government and create a country based on the ten commandments.[5]
Supporters of the PIRA split from 'Official' Sinn Féin to form Provisional Sinn Féin. Provisional Sinn Féin was later known simply as Sinn Féin (while 'Official' Sinn Féin eventually became the Workers' Party).
On February 22, 2003, announced a "complete and utter cessation" of all acts of violence for one year. It said it will review its ceasefire every three months, although in February 2006, the Independent Monitoring Commission reported that the UDA continued its paramilitary activities, as well as involvement in organized crime, drug trafficking, counterfeiting, extortion, money laundering and robbery
Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) (1964-present) - On December 14, 1988, the PLO officially renounced the use of terrorist tactics. In 1993 it became the PA (Palestinian Authority). Although it claims it does not support terrorism, documents show that the PA/PLO has actively supported and sponsored various terrorist groups in Israel.[13][14] According to the NCIS, the PLO is "the richest of all terrorist organizations." (1993)[15]
Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE, aka Tamil Tigers)- Sri Lanka. One of the largest groups with an estimated 24,000 Tamil cadres who fight for separation from Sri Lanka. The group has carried out 240+ suicide bombings since the early 80s in the process which they describe as their freedom struggle. Members of the group were convicted for the suicide bomber assassinations of Sri Lankan President Ranasinghe Premadasa (1988-1993) and former Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi[6]. UNHCR has reported that this organisation recruits children by force.[7]
Other nationalist terrorists
An gof - an gof - Cornwall - was thought to be inactive but as of March 12th 2007 they have become active once more.
Mouvement d'Action et Défense Masada - France (disbanded). This was a French neo-Nazi organization, disguised as a Zionist extremist group, which attacked Arab targets.
All groups recognised by the International terrorism report from the United States Central Intelligence Agency.[18] The principle aim of these groups is to forge political change in Cuba.
ETA Euskadi Ta Askatasuna, main terrorist organization in Spain responsible of the numerous bombings, seeking an independent Basque Country. See also Kale borroka.
GAL Grupo Antiterrorista de Liberacion, terrorist organization of the government in the 1980s.
GRAPO Grupo Antifacista Primero de Octubre, terrorist organization of extreme left
FAG Fuerzas Armadas Guanches, terrorist organization of the Islas Canarias part of MPAIAC in the 1970s.
Aliens of America, a terrorist organization active in Los Angeles during the 1970s.
American Indian Movement (AIM), originally founded as a civil rights organization, the AIM was involved in the 1972 occupations of the Mayflower II, Mount Rushmore and the Bureau of Indian Affairs headquarters in Washington, D.C. as well as the 1973 standoff at Wounded Knee during which members were involved in gun battles with federal agents.
Americans for Justice, a terrorist organization active on the west coast during the 1970s.
Black Liberation Army (BLA), an offshoot faction of the Black Panther Party reportedly involved in murders of police officers in San Francisco and New York between 1971 and 1973.
Black Muslims, a separatist involved in numerous shootouts with police and other violent activities including the "Zebra Killings" in which fourteen people were murdered in the San Francisco-area.
Black Nation of Islam (BNI), a terrorist organization active during the 1970s and 80s.
Black Revolutionary, a terrorist organization active in New York during the 1970s.
