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Scale
InquiryEvidence given at the commission of inquiry into the disaster revealed that the midstream piers of the bridge had been undermined by previous sudden floods, from as early as 1925. Concrete blocks weighing several tons had been placed around the footings of these piers and the space between the blocks and the piers backfilled with gravel, but the lahar was strong enough to sweep these away. CauseThe cause of the lahar was the collapse of a natural volcanic ash dam blocking the outlet of Mount Ruapehu's crater lake. Until this disaster, the danger posed by lahars from Mount Ruapehu was appreciated by only a few scientists. PreventionFollowing the disaster the Railways Department installed a lahar warning system upstream in the river to alert train control to high river flows. Signalling equipment has also since been substantially modernised using track circuits, which warn train control of broken sections of track. This latter system does not guarantee detecting a washout, as unsupported rails may still be unbroken. Similar accidents
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