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HistoryThe land around Port Jackson was occupied at the time of European discovery and colonisation by various tribes including the Gadigal, Cammeraygal, Eora and Wanegal peoples. The Gadigal people are said to have occupied the land stretching along the south side of Port Jackson from what is now South Head, in an arc west through to Petersham. The Cammeraygal lived on the northern side of the harbour. The area along the southern banks of the Parramatta River, west of Petersham to Rose Hill, was reported to belong to the Wanegal. The Eora people lived on the southern side of the harbour, close to where the First Fleet settled.
GeographyGeologically, Port Jackson is a drowned river valley, or ria. It is 19 km long with an area of 55 km². The estuary's volume at high tide is 562,000 megalitres. The perimeter of the estuary is 317 kilometres. Image:Sydney ASTER 2001 oct 12.jpg Port Jackson (top) and the Georges River flowing into Botany Bay (bottom) According to the Geographical Names Board of NSW, Port Jackson is "a harbour which comprises of all the waters within an imaginary line joining North Head and South Head. Within this harbour lies North Harbour, Middle Harbour and Sydney Harbour." These three harbours extend from the single entrance (known as Sydney Heads (North and South Heads)). North Harbour is the shortest, and is really just a large bay extending to Manly. Middle Harbour extends to the north-west. It is bridged at The Spit and Roseville. Its headwaters lie in Garigal National Park. The longest arm, Sydney Harbour, extends west as far as Balmain, where it is fed by the estuaries of the Parramatta and Lane Cove rivers. Port Jackson is bridged by the Sydney Harbour Bridge and the ANZAC Bridge (formerly known as the Glebe Island Bridge). A tunnel, the Sydney Harbour Tunnel passes underneath the Harbour, to the east of the bridge, and in 2005 it was proposed that a third harbour crossing, this time a railway line, be constructed to the west of the bridge. The harbour is heavily embayed. The bays on the south side tend to be wide and rounded, whereas those on the north side are generally narrow inlets. Sydney's major central business district begins at Circular Quay, a small bay on the south side that has, over time, had its semi-circle reclaimed by land to the point where it is a rectangular quay. The northern side of the harbour is mainly used for residential purposes. Port Jackson is maintained by the New South Wales Maritime Authority and the Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority. Islands
Image:PortJackson 2004 SeanMcClean.jpg Port Jackson from a helicopter Image:Sydney, Australia, 2007Feb23.jpg Port Jackson at sunrise, 2007 Sydney Harbour FerriesSydney Ferries is a state-owned corporation of the New South Wales Government providing commuter and tourist passenger ferry services in Sydney Harbour. Sydney Harbour as a unit of measurementIn Australia the size of many bodies of water are referenced back to the size of Sydney Harbour, that is a body of water x is y times the size of the Sydney Harbour. The unit of measure would be sydharbs. For example: Lake Argyle, the Ord river dam and Australia's second largest artificial lake, is variously described as "18 times that of Sydney Harbour" or 18 sydharbs [2], "8-13 times the size the volume of Sydney Harbour." [3], and "nine times the size of Sydney Harbour" [4]. Warragamba Dam in New South Wales and Sydney's major water supply is described as being "4 times the size of Sydney Harbour" [5]. Lake Eucumbene, one of the major dams in the Snowy Mountains Scheme, "holds nine times the volume of Sydney Harbour" [6], or perhaps thirteen times [7]. The comparison is not confined to dams. Jervis Bay in New South Wales is "at least 6 times bigger in volume (and 4 times bigger in area) than Sydney Harbour" [8]; and Boston Bay in South Australia, on which Port Lincoln is located, is three and a half times larger than Sydney Harbour. See also
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