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Early life and educationFeingold was born in Janesville, Wisconsin, to a Jewish family that had settled in the area in 1917. His grandparents were immigrants from Russia and Galicia.[2] His father, Leon Feingold (1912-1980), was an attorney, and his mother, Sylvia Feingold née Binstock (1918-2005), was a worker at a title company. Russ was one of four children. As a child, Feingold greatly admired John F. Kennedy, Martin Luther King, Jr., and Robert F. Kennedy.[citation needed] He volunteered for the 1972 presidential campaign of New York City mayor John Lindsay at the age of 18. Later on, he would support the presidential campaigns of Mo Udall and Ted Kennedy.[3] After graduating from Joseph A. Craig High School, Feingold attended the University of Wisconsin–Madison and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree with honors in 1975, a member of the Phi Beta Kappa honor society. He went to Magdalen College at the University of Oxford on a Rhodes Scholarship in 1977, where he earned another Bachelor of Arts, and upon returning to the U.S. attended Harvard Law School, receiving his J.D. with honors in 1979. Career
Family lifeHe has been married twice, to Sue Levine and Mary Speerschneider. Russ and Sue Feingold married in 1977 and had two children, Jessica and Ellen, before divorcing nine years later. Russ married Mary Speerschneider (also previously divorced) on January 20, 1991. Mary (née Erpenbach) had previously been married to Timm Speerschneider, a Madison attorney, with whom she had two children: Sam and Ted. On April 11, 2005, Russ and Mary Feingold jointly announced that they would be seeking a divorce. [5] When not in Washington, D.C., Feingold resides in Middleton, Wisconsin. CampaignsSenate1992 raceFeingold's Senatorial career began in 1992 with a surprising victory over incumbent Republican Senator Bob Kasten. Feingold, who had little name recognition in the state and was campaigning in a primary against a pair of millionaire opponents, adopted several proposals to gain the electorate's attention. The most memorable of these was a series of five promises written on Feingold's garage door in the form of a contract. These were:
Also noted was Feingold's advertising campaign, which was widely compared to that used by progressive candidate Paul Wellstone in his victorious Senate campaign in Minnesota. Shot in the form of home movies, the ads attempted to portray Feingold, who always referred to himself as "the underdog running for U.S. senate," as a down-to-earth, Capra-esque figure, taking the audience on a guided tour of the candidate's home and introducing them to his children, all of whom were enrolled in public school.[6] The ads also contained a significant amount of humor. One featured Feingold meeting with a faux Elvis Presley, who offered Feingold his endorsement.[7] (Bob Kasten responded to the Elvis endorsement with an advertisement featuring an Elvis impersonator attacking Feingold's record.[8]) Another showed Feingold, standing next to a pair of half-sized cardboard cut-outs of his opponents, refusing to "stoop to their level" as the two were shown literally slinging mud at one another.[9] In still another, Feingold was shown conclusively demonstrating that there were no skeletons in any of his closets.[10] During the primary campaign, Feingold unveiled an 82-point plan to eliminate the deficit by the end of his first term.[11] The plan, which called for, among other things, a raise in taxes and cuts in the defense budget, was derided as "extremist" by Republicans and "too liberal" by his Democratic opponents. Feingold also announced his support for strict campaign finance reform and a national health care system and voiced his opposition to term limits and new tax cuts.[12] While the two leading candidates in the primary, Jim Moody and Joe Checota, spent "millions of dollars slamming each other in one of the dirtiest primary elections in State history, Feingold won by positioning himself as a quirky underdog who offered voters an alternative to the two mud-slingers."[13] On primary day, Feingold, whose support had shown in the single digits throughout much of the campaign, stunned observers by surging to victory with 70% of the vote.[14] Seven weeks later, while Bill Clinton, George H. W. Bush, and Ross Perot split the Wisconsin presidential vote 41%-37%-21%, Feingold beat Kasten by a margin of 53% to 46%.[15] 1998 raceDuring his 1998 re-election campaign, Feingold once again eschewed big-money campaigning, despite the fact that the National Republican Senatorial Committee had targeted him for defeat.[16][17] Feingold placed a cap on his own fundraising, refusing to raise or spend more than $3.8 million (one dollar for every citizen of Wisconsin) during the campaign.[18] In addition, he placed the same limits on his fundraising that he would have faced under the McCain-Feingold bill. He refused to allow his party to raise any soft money to air ads favoring him and he requested that several special interest groups, including the AFL-CIO and the League of Conservation Voters, refrain from airing pro-Feingold "issue ads."[19] His Republican opponent, Congressman Mark Neumann, also limited himself to $3.8 million in spending, but allowed soft money to be used in his favor by a variety of pro-Republican groups.[20] Other Democrats and supporters were angry at Feingold for "putting his career at risk" with these self-imposed limits.[21] On election day, an extraordinarily strong showing in the Democratic strongholds of Milwaukee and Madison allowed Feingold to win by around two percent.[22] 2004 raceIn the 2004 Senate election, Feingold defeated the Republican candidate and construction magnate Tim Michels, by 12% (56%-44%), earning a third term. During the campaign, Feingold refrained from imposing spending caps on himself as he had in the past, and raised and spent almost $11 million. Although Republicans attempted to use that fact to paint him as a hypocrite, Feingold's records showed that more than 90% of the money came from individuals, that the average contribution was only $60, and that, once again, a majority of it was raised from Wisconsin residents.[23] Feingold's victory was seen by many pundits as a vindication of the many controversial stances that he had taken during his second term, as it was by far his largest electoral victory thus far. Feingold even won counties which supported a second term for Republican President George W. Bush.[24] In late December 2004, Feingold was appointed to be one of four deputy whips for the Senate Democrats. Feingold pledged that the new role would not sway his maverick stance within the party or the chamber.[25] Declines 2008 Presidential bidImage:Russ Feingold 01A.jpg Feingold on the campaign trail, stumping for Maria Cantwell (D-WA), October 2006. In late January 2005, Feingold told the Tiger Bay Club of Volusia County, Florida that he intended to travel around the country before deciding whether or not to run in 2008.[26] In March 2005, his Senate campaign staff registered the domain www.russfeingold.com, as well as the .org and .net versions; Feingold will not face reelection to the Senate until the 2010 election.[27] On June 1, 2005, Feingold launched a political action committee, the Progressive Patriots Fund; launching a PAC is seen as an important step in running for President. On the heels of the November, 2006, mid-term elections, in which the Democrats regained their majorities in both houses of Congress, a "draft Feingold" movement was established, independent of the Senator's campaign.[6] On August 17, 2005, Feingold became the first U.S. Senator of either party to suggest a firm date for American withdrawal from the Iraq war, saying that he favored a complete withdrawal by no later than December 31, 2006. [28] The announcement was seen by both Feingold's supporters and detractors as a de facto announcement of his intention to run for president, but Feingold himself remained silent on his alleged plans. On September 22, 2005, during the hearing on Judge John Roberts' nomination for Chief Justice of the United States, Feingold became one of three Democrats on the Senate Judiciary Committee to vote in favor of sending Roberts' nomination to the floor for a full vote. He also announced that he would vote to confirm Roberts. Many members of the Democratic blogosphere predicted that this vote would have a negative impact on his presidential aspirations, but Feingold's supporters pointed out that this was not the first time Feingold voted in favor of President Bush's judicial nominees. However, Feingold voted against Samuel Alito in committee and voted against cloture of debate on his nomination on the Senate floor.[29] Although Feingold usually receives support in the single digits in opinion polls featuring various potential Democratic presidential candidates, he became highly popular among Democratic grassroots activists. Many of Feingold's supporters blame his low results in scientific polling on poor name recognition and point to the success of Senator Gary Hart, who, during the 1984 presidential election, managed to campaign his way from 1% in the polls to twenty-six primary victories. Despite possible name recognition issues, Feingold has consistently polled ahead of other potential Democratic presidential candidates who haven't run a national race before, suggesting that his name recognition is already on the rise. Strategic Vision state polling data [30] supports this claim, placing Feingold fourth behind Hillary Clinton, Al Gore (who had repeatedly stated he had no interest in running) and John Edwards (except in Wisconsin where he stands only 2% behind Clinton). However, according to a Quinnipiac University poll taken from February 21-28, 2006, Feingold ranked 9th among a group of politicians for 'how people felt about them'.[31] Many people have viewed Ned Lamont's primary victory over Joe Lieberman in August of 2006 as a good indicator that Feingold should run for the Presidency. A former staffer for Feingold told him, a day after the election, "Hey, if you were looking for an excuse to not run for president, Russ, you didn't get it last night."[32] Following Democratic victories in the November 2006 mid-term elections, Feingold announced that he would not run for president in 2008. He says that he wishes to focus on the Senate now that Democrats hold a majority, giving him more power to get things done. Running for president would detract from that, he said, and the likely prying into his recent divorce "would dismantle both my professional life (in the Senate) and my personal life."[1] In his parting comments, he warns his supporters against supporting anyone for the presidency who voted for the Iraq War, whether they later regretted it or not, saying his first choice for president in 2008 is someone who voted against the war, and his second choice is someone who wasn't in Congress but spoke out against the war at the time.[1] Bills and policy positionsFeingold's primary legislative focus has been on campaign finance reform, fair trade policies, health care reform, conservation and environmental protection, a multilateral foreign policy, Social Security, civil liberties, and the elimination of capital punishment and wasteful spending. Feingold was the only Democratic senator to vote against a motion to dismiss Congress' 1998-1999 impeachment case of President Bill Clinton. In a statement, Feingold said House prosecutors must have "every reasonable opportunity" to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that Clinton should be removed from office on charges of perjury and obstruction of justice. Feingold ultimately voted against conviction on all charges. In 2001, Feingold voted for the confirmation of Attorney General John Ashcroft. This decision was not popular with his party, but Feingold explained that he voted based on respect for the right for a President to choose his Cabinet, not because of his own personal opinions on Ashcroft. Feingold has also been an opponent of NAFTA and other free trade agreements, a popular position among many anti-trade Democrats, but at odds with the pro-trade Democratic wing including the Democratic Leadership Council. In May 2006, Feingold voted to support the Salazar Amendment that would declare English the "common language" of the country and dissented in the vote for the Inhofe Amendment, which would make English the "national language" of the United States. On December 21 2004, Feingold wrote an article for popular webzine Salon.com regarding his golfing trip to Greenville, Alabama.[33] After noting how friendly the people were, and that Wisconsin had many similar places, he expressed his sorrow that such a poverty-stricken area was "the reddest spot on the whole map," despite Republican policies that Feingold considered incredibly destructive to the lives of the poor and middle class. Alabama Governor Bob Riley and Greenville Mayor Dexter McLendon, both Republicans, were perturbed at Feingold's description of "check-cashing stores and abject trailer parks, and some of the hardest-used cars for sale on a very rundown lot." McLendon invited Feingold back for a more complete tour of the city, and Feingold agreed. He visited the city on March 28, 2005, making amends and increasing speculation about his presidential plans for 2008.[34] In May 2006, Feingold voted in favor of bill S.2611[35], an immigration reform bill which, among other things, would almost double the number of H-1B visas. Campaign finance reformFeingold is perhaps best known for his work alongside Senator John McCain on the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002, better-known as the McCain-Feingold bill, which took the two almost seven years to pass. On July 14, 2005, Feingold introduced a bill to the Senate that would ban lobbyists from giving gifts to Senators and impose a $50,000 fine for violating the ban; force lawmakers to sign statements saying that lobbyists did not pay their travel expenses; forbid lawmakers from traveling on corporate jets; bar congressmen, staffers, and executive branch officials from serving as lobbyists for two years after leaving office; and require that lobbying reports be disclosed on a quarterly, rather than semi-annual, basis. The bill is the Senate version of a bill by Congressman Marty Meehan (D-MA), who co-wrote the House version of McCain-Feingold, and Rahm Emanuel (D-IL). Neither version has yet come to a vote. The Feingold-McCain bill was initially waiting completion of McCain hearings on the issue, but the Jack Abramoff scandal has put it in the spotlight, along with several other more recent reform proposals. Government spendingFeingold is also a well-known advocate for reductions in pork barrel spending and corporate welfare. Citizens Against Government Waste, the Concord Coalition, and Taxpayers for Common Sense, three nonpartisan organizations dedicated to those causes, have repeatedly commended him for his actions. Feingold, who was elected to Congress on a promise not to accept pay raises while in office, has so far returned over $50,000 in such raises to the U.S. Treasury. In addition, he is notoriously frugal in his office's spending and sends back the money that he does not use. In one six-month period in 1999, for example, his office received $1.787 million in appropriations and returned $145,000, a higher percentage than any other senator.[36] PATRIOT ActFeingold was the only senator to vote against the USA PATRIOT Act when first voted on in 2001.[37] At the time, Feingold stated that provisions in the act infringed upon citizens' civil liberties.[38] At the time some people believed that Feingold was risking his career by making such a controversal decision. Later, as public opinion turned against certain portions of the Act, his vote became a major selling-point for his re-election campaign. When the bill was up for renewal in late December 2005, Feingold led a bipartisan coalition of Senators that included Lisa Murkowski, Ken Salazar, Larry Craig, Dick Durbin, and John Sununu to remove some of the act's more controversial provisions. He led a successful filibuster against renewal of the act that ultimately led to a compromise on some of its provisions. This compromise bill passed the Senate on March 2, 2006 by 89-10. Feingold was among the 10 Senators who voted nay, feeling that the bill still lacked necessary protections for some civil liberties. War in IraqFeingold was one of 23 US senators to vote against H.J. Res. 114, which authorized President George W. Bush to use force against Iraq.[39] On August 17, 2005, he became the first senator to call for the withdrawal of troops from Iraq and urge that a timetable for that withdrawal be set. He called other Democrats "timid" for refusing to take action sooner, and suggested December 31, 2006 as the date for total withdrawal of troops. On the subject of Bush's assertion that a deadline would be helpful to Iraqi insurgents, Feingold said, "I think he's wrong. I think not talking about endgames is playing into our enemies' hand."[40] On April 27, 2006, Feingold announced that he would move to amend an appropriations bill granting $106.5 billion in emergency spending measure for Iraq and Hurricane Katrina relief to require that troops withdraw completely from Iraq.[41] Call for a vote of censureOn March 13, 2006, Senator Feingold introduced a resolution in the Senate to censure President George W. Bush.[42] This was a result of allegations of illegal wiretapping, as reported in The New York Times, that the President did not follow the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (FISA), which mandates use of a surveillance court for approval of wiretaps on Americans. In its history, the court has understood the request for intelligence and in only rare instances has turned down a request.[citation needed] Feingold made a 25-minute speech on the Senate Floor declaring that Congress must "hold the president accountable for his actions". The U.S. Senate has not yet voted on the resolution, as it first needs to be considered by the Senate Judiciary Committee, chaired by Sen. Arlen Specter (R-PA). Then, it may or may not be sent to the US Senate for a vote. It has received outspoken support from Senators Tom Harkin and Barbara Boxer, although most Democratic Senators have avoided expressing a firm opinion on it. Some influential Democratic senators since then have expressed support for censure. On March 31, 2006, Senator Patrick Leahy, the ranking member of the Judiciary Committee, said that he was inclined to support censure. On April 9, 2006, Senator John Kerry, the Democratic Candidate for President in 2004, told Tim Russert on Meet the Press that he would vote to censure Bush, and he has since added his name as a co-sponsor. Health care reformFeingold has long been an advocate for creating a system of universal health care in America. During his first run for the Senate, he endorsed the single-payer model, similar to that used by Canada. Once elected, he opposed the Clinton health care plan, saying that it did too much for the insurance industry and not enough for the uninsured. During the administration of George W. Bush, he has opposed the enactment of Medicare Part D and authored a bill to require the Senate leadership to submit health care reform bills. On July 24, 2006, at a press conference at the Martin Luther King Heritage Health Center in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Feingold announced that he had authored the State-Based Health Care Reform Act, a bill to create a pilot program for a system of universal health care under which each U.S. state would create a program to provide its citizenry with universal health insurance, and the federal government would provide the funding. The bill would create a non-partisan "Health Care Reform Task Force," which will provide five-year federal grants to two or three states. The program is expected to cost $32 billion over 10 years.[43] Gun issuesFeingold has a mixed record on gun rights and gun control issues, voting in favor of certain gun control legislation, while on the other hand voting to expand certain gun rights. In 2004, he was one of six Democrats in the Senate to vote against reauthorizing a Federal ban on semi-automatic firearms. In 2002, he voted for allowing airline pilots to carry firearms in cockpits. He has spoken in support of the interpretation that the Second Amendment pertains to an individual right to own firearms, and in opposition to proposals for handgun bans and mandatory firearms registration. On the other hand, he has consistently voted in favor of bills to require background checks for firearms purchases at gun shows and to require that handguns be sold with trigger locks. In March 2004, he explained his position in a speech on the Senate floor:
Ideological rankingsAmericans For Democratic Action, a liberal advocacy group which rates members of Congress on a scale of 0 to 100, with zero being completely conservative and 100 completely liberal, gave Feingold a lifetime average rating of 98.[45] With the death of Minnesota's Senator Paul Wellstone in 2002, this leaves Feingold tied with California's Senator Barbara Boxer for the title of the "most liberal person" in the Senate, according to ADA.[citation needed] The American Conservative Union ranked him a 12, where 0 is most liberal and 100 is most conservative. The Concord Coalition, a nonpartisan advocacy group that pushes for fiscal responsibility, placed him on its "Senate Honor Roll" every year since 1997, and ranked him in the top two every year since 1998, making their suggestion that Feingold is also one of the top budget hawks in Congress. The Democratic Freedom Caucus, a group of libertarian-leaning Democrats, has endorsed him during his last two senate campaigns. In 2004, the National Rifle Association gave him a grade of D (with F being the lowest grade and A the highest).[46] On environmental issues, he was given scores of 100% from the League of Conservation Voters[47], and 73% from CUSP.[48] The American Civil Liberties Union gave him a score of 89%.[49] Same-sex marriageOn April 4, 2006, Feingold told constituents at a listening session in Kenosha, Wisconsin, that he supported the legalization of same-sex marriage. Though Feingold had once voted against passage of the Defense of Marriage Act, this was the first time that he publicly announced his support for marriage rights for same-sex couples. Feingold's comments were in response to a question about whether or not he supported a ballot initiative that Wisconsinites voted on in November of 2006, which incorporated a ban on same-sex marriage and all civil unions (same-sex or not) into the state constitution.[citation needed] He joined Republican Lincoln Chafee of Rhode Island and Democrats Edward Kennedy of Massachusetts, Ron Wyden of Oregon, and Mark Dayton of Minnesota as one of only five Senators to publicly announce their support for same-sex marriage.
On May 18, 2006, Feingold again made news with his stance on marriage when he walked out of a meeting of the Senate Judiciary Committee shortly before a vote on a constitutional amendment to ban same-sex marriage. After Feingold objected to both the amendment and Chairman Arlen Specter's (R-PA) decision to move the meeting to an area of the Capitol Building not open to the public, Specter told Feingold, "I don't need to be lectured by you. You are no more a protector of the Constitution than am I. If you want to leave, good riddance." Feingold then replied, "I've enjoyed your lecture, too, Mr. Chairman. See ya." He then left the room and did not return. Later that day, the committee voted to send the amendment to the full Senate.[51] On July 29, 2006, Feingold was the keynote speaker at the Human Rights Campaign's annual gala at the Moscone Center in San Francisco, California. Committee assignments
Electoral history
Trivia
References
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