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Raytheon Company (NYSE: RTN) is a major United States military contractor based in Waltham, Massachusetts. The company has 80,000 employees worldwide, and annual revenues of approximately US$ 20 billion. More than 90 percent of Raytheon's revenues are obtained from defense contracts, and as of 2005 it is the fifth largest military contractor in the world.[1]
HistoryImage:Raytheon1934TubeBox.PNG Early Raytheon Tube Box Two former college roommates Laurence K. Marshall and Vannevar Bush, along with scientist Charles G. Smith, founded the American Appliance Company in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1922. The company's first product was a Helium rectifier which was based on Smith's earlier astronomical research of the star Zeta Puppis [2] . The tube was called the Raytheon ("light of the gods") and used in a battery eliminator, a type of radio-receiver power supply that plugged into the power grid in place of large batteries. The company changed its name to Raytheon in 1925, and by the 1930s it had grown to become one of the larger vacuum tube manufacturing companies.
Raytheon acquired Beech Aircraft in 1980; in 1993 the company also purchased British Aerospace's business jet product line. These two entities were merged in 1994 to become Raytheon Aircraft Company. In the mid-1990's, Raytheon purchased the defense businesses of E-Systems and Texas Instruments. In 1997 Raytheon also acquired the defense business of Hughes Aircraft Company from Hughes Electronics Corporation which was a subsidiary to General Motors, which included a number of product lines previously purchased by Hughes including the former General Dynamics missile business, the defense portion of Delco Electronics, and Magnavox Electronic Systems. These acquisitions/mergers added many important capabilities to Raytheon's portfolio. Company structureBusinessesRaytheon is currently composed of seven major businesses:
Strategic Business AreasIn recent years, Raytheon has expanded into some emerging, highly competitive fields while redefining some of its core business activities. Raytheon has identified four strategic business areas where it is focusing its expertise and resources including:
Corporate governanceWilliam H. Swanson is the Chairman and CEO. Other members of the board of directors of Raytheon are: Barbara Barrett, Vernon Clark, Ferdinand Colloredo-Mansfeld, John Deutch, Thomas Everhart, Frederic Poses, Warren Rudman, Michael Ruettgers, Ronald Skates, William Spivey, and Linda Stuntz. ProductsRadars & SensorsRaytheon is a leading developer and manufacturer of radars (including AESAs), electro-optical sensors, and other advanced electronics systems for airborne, naval and ground based military applications. Examples include:
Satellite SensorsRaytheon, often in conjunction with Boeing, Lockheed Martin or Northrop Grumman, is also heavily involved in the satellite sensor business. Much of its Space and Airborne Systems division in El Segundo, CA is devoted to this, a business it inherited from Hughes. Examples of programs include:
Additionally, the El Segundo site is the company center of excellence for the development and production of laser products.
The system provides naval commanders and sailors with greater data capacity, as well as improved protection against enemy intercept and jamming. Communications
Radioactive Materials Detection SystemAs part of the company’s growing homeland security business and strategic focus, Raytheon has teamed with other contractors to develop an Advance Spectroscopic Portal (ASP) to allow border officials to peer into vehicles and containers to identify radioactive materials.[3] SemiconductorsRaytheon also manufactures semiconductors for the electronics industry. In the late 20th century it produced a wide range of integrated circuits and other components, but as of 2003 its semiconductor business specializes in gallium arsenide (GaAs) components for radio communications. It is also making efforts to develop gallium nitride (GaN) components for next-generation radars and radios. Missile Defense SystemsIn the framework of Ground-Based Midcourse Defense, Raytheon develops a Ground-Based Interceptor (GBI) which includes a booster missile and a kinetic Exoatmospheric Kill Vehicle (EKV), along with several key radar components, such as the Sea-Based X-Band Radar (SBX) and the Upgraded Early Warning Radars (UEWR). MissilesRaytheon is a leading developer of missiles and related missile defense systems. Examples include:
Hi-Tech SimulatorsRaytheon also produces and runs the ABACUS (Advanced BAttlefield CompUter Simulation) or Higher Formation Trainer (HFT) for training HQ's from small specialist units up to corps level. Business AircraftRaytheon Aircraft Company produces several corporate jets under the Beechcraft and Hawker brand names. Raytheon currently manufactures only 2 military aircraft, the T-6 Texan II, and the T-1 Jayhawk, both are training aircraft for the Air Force. The civil aircraft line is being renamed as Hawker Beechcraft and sold to Onex Corporation. News and Significant EventsDisputed claims about the Patriot missileDuring the 1991 Gulf War, Raytheon received widespread publicity in the United States in connection with its manufacture of the Patriot Missile (MIM-104 Patriot). The Patriot Missile is an anti-aircraft missile which was upgraded to have some capability against ballistic missiles. The Patriot had allegedly intercepted Scud Missiles launched by Iraq in its defense against the U.S. led invasion. When President George H. W. Bush traveled to Raytheon's Patriot manufacturing plant in Andover, Massachusetts during the Gulf War, he declared, the ""Patriot is 41 for 42: 42 Scuds engaged, 41 intercepted!"[4] After the Gulf War had concluded, the staff of the House Government Operations Subcommittee on Legislation and National Security reported, "The Patriot missile system was not the spectacular success in the Persian Gulf War that the American public was led to believe. There is little evidence to prove that the Patriot hit more than a few Scud missiles launched by Iraq during the Gulf War, and there are some doubts about even these engagements. The public and the Congress were misled by definitive statements of success issued by administration and Raytheon representatives during and after the war."[5] Contract DisputesIn the early 90's Raytheon was involved in contract disputes with the United States Government. In October of 1994, Raytheon paid $4 million to settle a U.S. government claim that it inflated a defense contract for antimissile radar. The PAVE PAWS system was designed to detect incoming submarine-launched ballistic missiles. PAVE PAWS stands for Precision Acquisition Vehicle Entry Phased Array Warning System. The government claimed in a federal lawsuit that Raytheon inflated a contract to upgrade two of four PAVE PAWS sites by proposing to hire higher-skilled employees than were necessary for the job. On October 14, 1993, Raytheon paid $3.7 million to settle allegations that it misled the U.S. Defense Department by overstating the labor costs involved in manufacturing Patriot missiles. "The recovery of this money is yet another warning to contractors that the Truth in Negotiations Act's information disclosure requirements will be strictly and sternly enforced," Frank Hunger, assistant attorney general, said in a statement. AGES LawsuitIn 1996 a corporation called AGES Group filed suit against Raytheon in federal court in Alabama over a $450 million contract to service C-12 Huron and U-21 military aircraft.[6] The Boston Herald reported that AGES alleged that the security firm Wackenhut Corporation, hired by Raytheon, used video and audio surveillance to spy on a consulting firm hired by AGES to help it prepare its bid. AGES also alleged that stolen confidential pricing documents were turned over to Raytheon. Both Raytheon and AGES had been vying for the contract, which Raytheon had held for decades but which AGES won in 1996. On May 12, 1999, Reuters reported that Raytheon would pay $3 million to AGES Group and purchase $13 million worth of AGES aircraft parts to settle AGES lawsuit. The settlement was exceptional in that the parties agreed that judgment would be entered against Raytheon, legally establishing the validity of AGES' allegations. Securities LitigationIn October of 1999, Raytheon was the subject of a number of securities class action lawsuits alleging it had issued a series of materially false and misleading statements including overstating the company's 1997 and 1998 revenues, concealing cost overruns and inflating its financial results. The suits were brought in response to a massive drop in value of Raytheon's common stock as traded on the New York Stock Exchange. On Tuesday, October 12, 1999, Raytheon shares were trading at about 45% below the level at which they had been traded on October 11, 1999. The plunge in stock prices was triggered by a Wall Street Journal report that Raytheon was over cost or behind schedule on more than a dozen fixed-price defense contracts. This crash represented a loss of about $8 billion in market value in a single day. On May 13, 2004 Raytheon reported that it had reached a preliminary agreement to pay $410 million in cash and securities to settle a class-action lawsuit alleging it misled investors by not disclosing difficulties on various Pentagon and construction projects five years before. September 11, 2001Four Raytheon employees traveling on company business died in the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001:
Unwritten RulesOn April 24, 2006 in a statement released by Raytheon, CEO Swanson admitted to plagiarism in claiming authorship for his booklet, "Swanson's Unwritten Rules of Management," after a report by The New York Times.[7] On May 2, 2006, Raytheon withdrew distribution of the book.[8] The following day, the company's board of directors announced that "In response to this matter, the Board has decided not to raise Mr. Swanson's salary above its 2005 level, and will reduce the amount of restricted stock for which he is eligible in the coming year by 20 percent." [9] NBC News accuses Army of favoritismAs of September 2006, an NBC News report of the Army's award of an anti-RPG system raised questions about favoritism toward the defense contractor. [10] Since its inception, the report has garnered much criticism. Major General Sorenson, deputy army secretary for acquisition, disputed the NBC report in detail. The top Democrat on the Tactical Air and Land Forces Subcommittee, Neil Abercrombie of Hawaii as well as panel chair Curt Weldon of Pennsylvania strongly criticized NBC for what they saw as shoddy reporting. [11] The panel has asked the General Accounting Office to investigate. Voluntary stock delistingOn October 27, 2006 Raytheon announced plans to voluntarily delist its common stock from the NYSE Arca Inc. (formerly known as the Pacific Exchange) and the Chicago Stock Exchange. Reasons citied were the administrative and regulatory burdens placed by the listings.[12] Corporate StewardshipMath and science education
Philanthropy
Workplace Diversity
References
See also
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