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With the reorganization of the provincial system under Diocletian (about AD 295), the Pontic districts were divided up between four provinces of the Dioecesis Pontica:
This rearrangement gave place in turn to the Byzantine system of military districts (themes). Pontus - The most northeasterly district of Asia Minor, along the southern coast of the Euxine, east of the river Halys, having originally no specific name, was spoken of as the country en Pontôi, “on the Pontus” (Euxinus), and hence acquired the name of Pontus, which is first found in Xenophon's Anabasis. The name first acquired a political importance through the foundation of a new kingdom in it, about the beginning of the fourth century B.C., by Ariobarzanes I. This kingdom reached its greatest height under Mithridates VI., who for many years carried on war with the Romans. In A.D. 62 the country was constituted by Nero a Roman province. It was divided into the three districts of Pontus Galatĭcus in the west, bordering on Galatia; P. Polemoniācus in the centre, so called from its capital Polemonium; and P. Cappadocius in the east, bordering on Cappadocia (Armenia Minor). Pontus was a mountainous country--wild and barren in the east, where the great chains approach the Euxine; but in the west watered by the great rivers Halys and Iris, and their tributaries, the valleys of which, [p. 1301] as well as the land along the coast, are extremely fertile. The eastern part was rich in minerals, and contained the celebrated iron mines of the Chalybes. The inhabitants of Pontus were called generically Leucosyri (q.v.). [1].
Geography
Byzantine, Ottoman, and modern historyImage:Roman Empire Map.png Map showing Pontus as a Roman province. Pontus continued to be an autonomous state under the Imperial rule of Constantinople through most of the history of the Byzantine Empire. Its fall gave rise to the Empire of Trebizond, which existed in the area from 1204 to 15 August 1461. After that, the name Pontus was preserved as a state within the Ottoman Empire. In the 20th century, the situation of Christian minorities in Pontus worsened with the increasing influence of the Young Turks, culminating in mass killings and deportations.[2] The Greek parliament has declared 19th May as a memory date for the Pontic Greek Genocide. After the establishment of the Republic of Turkey, Pontus was not recognised as autonomous. In 1921, an independent Pontic state was proposed, but never realized. Under the Treaty of Lausanne, the borders of Turkey were renegotiated and in 1923, the population exchange between Greece and Turkey required approximately 1.5 million Greeks living in Turkey to resettle in Greece, and approximately 500,000 Turks living in Greece to resettle in Turkey. Article 1 of the Convention Concerning the Exchange of Greek and Turkish Populations, dated 30 January, 1923, between the governments of Greece and Turkey reads as follows: Image:Evler2b.jpg Traditional rural Pontic house.
A number of Pontic Greeks moved from Turkey to countries in the Caucasus region, mainly Georgia and Russia. The majority of the Greek diaspora in the countries of the former USSR descends from these Pontic Greeks. SourceThis article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.
Footnotes
See also
de:Pontus el:Πόντος eo:Ponto (geografio) es:Ponto fi:Pontos he:פונטוס it:Ponto (geografia) nl:Pontus (gebied) ja:ポントス王国 no:Pontos (oldtidsrike) pl:Pont (Azja) pt:Ponto (província romana) ru:Понт sv:Pontos tr:Pontus zh:本都
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