|
||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||
California originally referred to the entire region composed of the Mexican peninsula now known as Baja California and land in the current U.S. states of California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and Wyoming, which was eventually distinguished as Alta California. In even earlier times, the boundaries of the Sea of Cortés and the Pacific coast were only partially explored and California was shown on early maps as an island.
Las Sergas de EsplandiánIn the minds of European explorers, an island populated by Amazons off the coast of the Indies was a long-established expectation. The earliest known application of the name "California" to this island of the Amazons was in the 1510 romance novel Las Sergas de Esplandián (The Adventures of Esplandián) by Spanish author García Ordóñez de Montalvo. The book described the Island of California as being east of the Asian mainland, "very close to the side of the Terrestrial Paradise; and it is peopled by black women, without any man among them, for they live in the manner of Amazons." The Island was ruled by Queen Califia. In his work, the author drew on a long-standing European belief in such an island. Sabed que a la diestra mano de las Indias existe una isla llamada California muy cerca de un costado del Paraíso Terrenal; y estaba poblada por mujeres negras, sin que existiera allí un hombre, pues vivían a la manera de las amazonas. Eran de bellos y robustos cuerpos, fogoso valor y gran fuerza. Su isla era la más fuerte de todo el mundo, con sus escarpados farallones y sus pétreas costas. Sus armas eran todas de oro y del mismo metal eran los arneses de las bestias salvajes que ellas acostumbraban domar para montarlas, porque en toda la isla no había otro metal que el oro. Know that on the right hand from the Indies exists an island called California very close to Earthly Paradise; and it was populated by black women, without any man existing there, because they lived in the way of the Amazons. They had beautiful and robust bodies, and were brave and very strong. Their island was the strongest of the World, with its cliffs and rocky shores. Their weapons were golden and so were the harnesses of the wild beasts that they were accustomed to domesticate and ride, because there was no other metal in the island than gold.
Since then, that unknown Amazon's Island came to be known as California.
"Since the Roland poem concerns the 'evil' Saracens, it's possible that the poet derived 'Califerne' from 'caliph'. Montalvo might also have been influenced by such similar names as Californo and Calafornina in Sicily or Calahorra in Spain."[3] This notion of a place of women without men echoes a passage from the diary of Christopher Columbus's first voyage: Dixéronle los indios que por aquella vía hallaría la isla de Matinino, que diz que era poblada de mugeres sin hombres, lo cual el almirante mucho quisiera por llevar diz que a los Reyes cinco o seis d'ellas... mas diz que era cierto que las avía y que cierto tiempo del año venían los hombres a ellas de la dicha isla de Carib, que diz que qu'estava d'ellas diez o doze leguas, y si parían niño enbiábanlo a la isla de los hombres, y si niña, dexávanla consigo. The Indians said that along that route one would find the island of Matinino, which they said was populated by women without men, of whom the admiral wanted very much to bring five or six to speak to the king and queen… but they said that it was certain that they (the women) had them (men) and that at a certain time of the year men came to [the women] of this island called Carib, which they said was ten or twelve leagues away, and if they gave birth to a son they sent it to the island of the men, and if a girl, they kept her with them. The lure of an earthly paradise, as well as the search for the fabled Strait of Anián, helped motivate Hernán Cortés,[citation needed] following his conquest of Mexico, to send several expeditions in the late 1530s and early 1540s to the west coast of New Spain. The first expedition reached the Gulf of California and Baja California, and proved that California was in fact a peninsula. Nevertheless, the idea that California was an island persisted for well over a century and was included on many maps. The Spanish gave the name "California" to the peninsula and to the lands north, including both Baja California and Alta California, the region that became the present-day U.S. state. The californian coast was first explored by a Portuguese sailor, at the service of the Castillan crown (1594/1595 when Portugal was under castillan rule of King Filipe II (Filipe I de Portugal) named Roiz Soromenho (Sebastião Rodrigues Soromenho), natural of Sesimbra, a fishing town 30 Km south of Lisbon where exists a place (part of the sesimbra sand beach) called California Beach. The legendary island, fourth carta de relación of Hernán CortésIn his fourth carta de relación (a letter to Spain narrating events of the conquest), datelined Mexico (meaning what is now Mexico City) 15 October, 1524, Hernán Cortés wrote to the king of Spain about certain information about a legendary island, information that had been brought to him by the captain who had achieved the conquest of Colima.
The abandoned lands receive the name of California and Hernán Cortés enters history as their discovererCortés failed in his third journey of exploration (1535-36), when he tried unsuccessfully to establish a colony in La Paz under a royal charter granting him land on the recently discovered Baja California Peninsula. Hernando de Alarcón, sent by the viceroy Mendoza — an enemy of Cortés — on a 1540 expedition to verify Cortés's discoveries, referred to the inhospitable lands as California, after the imaginary island in Las Sergas, discussed above. There is no question about Hernando de Alarcón's use of the term, nor about his allusion to Las Sergas, but there is question as to whether this is the first use of the name to refer to those lands and whether he intended the name as mockery. Alarcón provides a clear link from the literary, imaginary California to the real place, but his usage cannot be proven to be the actual origin, in that the name might predate him.[4][5] Today the name California is applied to the Baja California Peninsula, the Gulf of California (also known as the Sea of Cortés), the U.S. State of California, and the Mexican states of Baja California and Baja California Sur. Other originsSome suggest that the word California may signify that a place is "hot as an oven" (cali > hot, fornia > oven). It may be derived from caliente fornalia, Spanish for hot furnace, or it may come from calida fornax, Latin for hot climate.[6] Another possible source may be kali forno, an indigenous phrase meaning "high mountains".[7] There is no agreement among scholars. California monickerCalifas is a caló word for California. It is used to designate the State of California in Aztlán. The word califas is meant to attract attention to its pre-hispanic origins. Some people have tried to associate the word with caliph, an Arabian world view concept that has nothing to do with the Americas other than the historical associations to it via Spanish. Some consider the term califas as a militant term; others consider califas no different than saying the abbreviated cali in reference to California.[citation needed] Califa, in Spanish historical references, refers to a Muslim governor or the Muslim head of state. Notes
References
See also
|
Sites |
Searched sites for "Origin of the name California" |
|
No sites found. |
Sorry, no matching site records were found. |
Want your site listed here?
|
||||||||||||||
|
Submit
your site |
|
Relevant quality search results and fast easy navigation throughout the
different sections of the site, make Americola.com |