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October 21 is the 294th day of the year (295th in
leap years ) in the
Gregorian calendar , with 71 days remaining.
Contents
1 Events 2 Births 3 Deaths 4 Holidays and observances 5 Customs and traditions 6 External links
Events 686 - Conon becomes Pope .
1512 - Martin Luther joins the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg
1520 - Ferdinand Magellan discovers a strait now known as Strait of Magellan
1600 - Tokugawa Ieyasu defeats the leaders of rival Japanese clans in the Battle of Sekigahara , which marks the beginning of the Tokugawa shogunate , who in effect rule Japan until the mid-Nineteenth century.
1774 - First display of the word "Liberty" on a flag, raised by colonists in Taunton , Massachusetts and which was in defiance of British rule in Colonial America .
1797 - In Boston Harbor , the 44-gun United States Navy frigate USS Constitution is launched.
1805 - Napoleonic Wars : Battle of Trafalgar - a British fleet led by Admiral Lord Nelson defeats a combined French and Spanish fleet off the coast of Spain under Admiral Villeneuve . It signalled the virtual end of French maritime power and left Britain navally unchallenged until the twentieth century.
1805 - Napoleonic Wars : Austrian General Mack surrenders his army to the Grand Army of Napoleon at Ulm , reaping Napoleon over 30,000 prisoners and inflicting 10,000 casualties on the losers. Ulm was considered to be one of Napoleon's finest hours.
1824 - Joseph Aspdin patents Portland cement .
1854 - Florence Nightingale and a staff of 38 nurses were sent to the Crimean War .
1861 - American Civil War : Battle of Ball's Bluff - Union forces under Colonel Edward Baker are defeated by Confederate troops in the second major battle of the war. Baker, a close friend of Abraham Lincoln , is killed in the fighting.
1867 - Manifest Destiny : Medicine Lodge Treaty - Near Medicine Lodge , Kansas a landmark treaty is signed by southern Great Plains Indian leaders. The treaty requires Native American Plains tribes to relocate a reservation in western Oklahoma .
1879 - Using a filament of carbonized thread, Thomas Edison tests the first practical electric incandescent light bulb (it lasted 13½ hours before burning out).
1892 - Opening ceremonies for the World's Columbian Exposition were held in Chicago , though because construction was behind schedule, the exposition did not open until May 1 , 1893 .
1895 - The Republic of Formosa collapses as Japanese forces invade.
1902 - In the United States , a five month strike by United Mine Workers ends.
1921 - President Warren G. Harding delivers the first speech by a sitting President against lynching in the deep south.
1944 - The first kamikaze attack: HMAS Australia was hit by a Japanese plane carrying a 200 kg (441 pound) bomb off Leyte Island , as the Battle of Leyte Gulf began.
1945 - Women's suffrage : Women are allowed to vote in France for the first time.
1945 - Argentine military officer and politician Juan Perón married actress Evita .
1947 - 21 die as a fire destroys an asylum in Hoff , Germany .
1954 - The first part of J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings The Fellowship of the Ring U.S.
1957 - The movie Jailhouse Rock Elvis Presley , opens.
1959 - In New York City , the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum opens to the public. It was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright .
1959 - US President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs an executive order transferring Wernher von Braun and other German scientists from the United States Army to NASA .
1965 - Comet Ikeya-Seki approaches perihelion, passing 450,000 kilometers from the sun.
1966 - Aberfan disaster : A coal tip falls on the village of Aberfan in Wales , killing 144 people, mostly schoolchildren
1967 - Vietnam War : More than 100,000 war protesters gather in Washington, DC . A peaceful rally at the Lincoln Memorial is followed by a march to The Pentagon and clashes with soldiers and United States Marshals protecting the facility (event lasts until October 23 ; 683 people were arrested). Similar demonstrations occurred simultaneously in Japan and Western Europe .
1969 - A coup d'état in Somalia brings Siad Barre to power.
1973 - John Paul Getty III 's ear is cut off by his kidnappers and sent to a newspaper in Rome ; it doesn't arrive until November 8 .
1976 - Keith Moon plays his last public show with The Who . He will die in 1978.
1977 - The European Patent Institute is founded
1978 - Australian civilian pilot Frederick Valentich vanishes in a Cessna 182 over the Bass Strait south of Melbourne , after reporting contact with an unidentified aircraft.
1980 - The Philadelphia Phillies win their first World Series , beating the Kansas City Royals 4-1 in game six.
1983 - The metre is defined at the seventeenth General Conference on Weights and Measures in terms of the speed of light as the distance light travels in a vacuum in 1/299,792,458 of a second.
1986 - In Lebanon , pro-Iranian kidnappers claim to have abducted American writer Edward Tracy (he was released in August 1991 ).
1987 - Former Miss America Bess Myerson is arrested on charges of bribery, conspiracy, and mail fraud, all involving an alimony-fixing scandal. She is later found not guilty.
1994 - North Korea nuclear weapons program : North Korea and the United States sign an agreement that requires North Korea to stop its nuclear weapons program and agree to inspections.
1994 - In Seoul , 32 people are killed when the Seongsu Bridge collapses.
1995 - Dayton Agreement The General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina
2001 - "United We Stand" benefit concert for September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks victims, held at RFK Stadium in Washington, DC . Event organized and headlined by Michael Jackson , also featuring pop stars Aerosmith , Mariah Carey , The Backstreet Boys , and others.
2002 - Violence in Badlapur , suburb of Mumbai created a tension in the city resulted in a lot of property damage injuring 4 people.
2003 - Images of the dwarf planet Eris are taken and subsequently used in its discovery by the team of Michael E. Brown , Chad Trujillo , and David L. Rabinowitz .
2004 - The RedSox beat the Yankees in Game 7 of the ALCS; to pull off their impossible comeback
2006 - PR
Births 1449 - George, Duke of Clarence , brother of Edward IV and Richard III (d. 1478 )
1527 - Louis I, Cardinal of Guise , French cardinal (d. 1578 )
1581 - Domenico Zampieri , Italian painter (d. 1641 )
1650 - Jean Bart , French admiral (d. 1702 )
1660 - Georg Ernst Stahl , German scientist (d. 1734 )
1675 - Emperor Higashiyama of Japan (d. 1710 )
1687 - Nicolaus I Bernoulli , Swiss mathematician (d. 1759 )
1712 - Sir James Steuart , British economist (d. 1780 )
1725 - Franz Moritz Graf von Lacy , Austrian field marshal (d. 1801 )
1757 - Pierre Augereau , Marshal of France and duc de Castiglione (d. 1816 )
1762 - Herman Willem Daendels , Dutch statesman (d. 1818 )
1772 - Samuel Taylor Coleridge , British poet (d. 1834 )
1775 - Giuseppe Baini , Italian composer (d. 1844 )
1790 - Alphonse de Lamartine , French writer (d. 1869 )
1833 - Alfred Nobel , Swedish inventor and founder of the Nobel Prize (d. 1896 )
1847 - Giuseppe Giacosa , Italian writer (d. 1906 )
1851 - George Ulyett , English cricketer (d. 1898 )
1881 - Eduard Heine , German mathematician (b. 1821 )
1895 - Edna Purviance , American actress (d. 1958 )
1904 - Patrick Kavanagh , Irish poet (d. 1967 )
1907 - Nikos Engonopoulos , Greek painter and poet (d. 1985 )
1907 - Jules Chevalier , French priest (b. 1824 )
1912 - Sir Georg Solti , Hungarian conductor (d. 1997 )
1914 - Martin Gardner , American mathematician and writer
1917 - Dizzy Gillespie , American musician (d. 1993 )
1921 - Sir Malcolm Arnold , British composer (d. 2006 )
1922 - Liliane de Bettencourt , heir to L'Oreal
1924 - Celia Cruz , Cuban singer (d. 2003 )
1925 - Louis Robichaud , Canadian premier of New Brunswick (d. 2005 )
1926 - Whitey Ford , American baseball player
1929 - Ursula K. Le Guin , American author
1938 - Carl Brewer , Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2001 )
1940 - Geoff Boycott , English cricketer
1940 - Manfred Mann , English musician
1941 - Steve Cropper , American musician
1942 - Elvin Bishop , American musician
1942 - Judy Sheindlin , American judge ("Judge Judy ")
1943 - Brian Piccolo , American football player (d. 1970 )
1946 - Jim Hill , American sportscaster
1949 - Michel Brière , Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1971 )
1949 - Mike Keenan , Canadian ice hockey coach
1949 - Benjamin Netanyahu , 9th Prime Minister of Israel
1950 - Ronald McNair , American astronaut (d. 1986 )
1952 - Trevor Chappell , Australian cricketer
1952 - Allen Hoey , American poet and novelist
1952 - Brent Mydland , American keyboardist (Grateful Dead ) (d. 1990 )
1953 - Keith Green , American musician (d. 1982 )
1953 - Peter Mandelson , British politician
1954 - Brian Tobin , Canadian premier of Newfoundland
1955 - Rich Mullins , American musician (d. 1997 )
1956 - Carrie Fisher , American actress and writer
1957 - Wolfgang Ketterle , German physicist, Nobel Prize laueate
1957 - Steve Lukather , American musician
1959 - Ken Watanabe , Japanese actor
1962 - David Campese , Australian rugby union footballer
1964 - Jon Carin , American musician (Pink Floyd , The Who )
1967 - Paul Ince , English footballer
1968 - Melora Walters , American actress
1971 - Damien Martyn , Australian cricketer
1971 - Nick Oliveri , American musician
1971 - Paul Telfer (footballer) , Scottish footballer
1972 - Felicity Andersen , Australian actress
1973 - Lera Auerbach , Russian composer
1974 - Zenko Zanev, Bulgarian chemist
1975 - Hilário , Portuguese footballer
1976 - Jeremy Miller , American TV actor
1976 - Lavinia Miloşovici , Romanian gymnast
1978 - Will Estes , American actor
1978 - Joey Harrington , American football player
1978 - Jessica Jones , American costume designer
1979 - Gabe Gross , American baseball player
1980 - Brian Pittman , American musician (Relient K )
1981 - Nemanja Vidić , Serbian footballer
1982 - James White , American basketball player
1982 - Jimmy 'The Legend' Hladish , Canadian funnyman and wrestler
1984 - Kieran Richardson , English footballer
1985 - Christopher Robinson Mixing Engineer
1986 - Alex Kew , British actor
1987 - Alex Han , American musician
1990 - Ricky Rubio , Spanish basketball player
Deaths 1125 - Cosmas of Prague , Bohemian writer
1221 - Alix of Thouars , Duchess of Brittany (b. 1201 )
1266 - Birger jarl , Swedish statesman and founder of Stockholm (b. 1210 )
1422 - King Charles VI of France (b. 1368 )
1500 - Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado of Japan (b. 1442 )
1505 - Paul Scriptoris , German mathematician
1558 - Julius Caesar Scaliger , Italian humanist scholar (b. 1484 )
1600 - Toda Katsushige , Japanese warlord (b. 1557 )
1623 - William Wade , English statesman and diplomat (b. 1546 )
1662 - Henry Lawes , English composer (b. 1595 )
1687 - Sir Edmund Waller , English poet (b. 1606 )
1765 - Giovanni Paolo Pannini , Italian painter and architect (b. 1691 )
1775 - Peyton Randolph , American president of the Continental Congress (b. 1721 )
1777 - Samuel Foote , English dramatist and actor (b. 1720 )
1805 - Horatio Nelson , British admiral (mortally wounded in battle) (b. 1758 )
1872 - Jacques Babinet , French physicist (b. 1794 )
1873 - Johann Sebastian Welhaven , Norwegian poet (b. 1807 )
1896 - James Henry Greathead , British engineer (b. 1844 )
1904 - Isabelle Eberhardt , explorer and writer who spent a lot of time in North Africa (b. 1877 )
1931 - Arthur Schnitzler , Austrian writer (b. 1862 )
1940 - William G. Conley , Governor of West Virginia (b. 1866 )
1944 - Alois Kayser , German missionary to Nauru (b. 1877 )
1965 - Bill Black , American musician (b. 1926 )
1969 - Jack Kerouac , American novelist (b. 1922 )
1969 - Waclaw Sierpinski , Polish mathematician (b. 1882 )
1975 - Charles Reidpath , American athlete (b. 1887 )
1978 - Anastas Mikoyan , Soviet politician (b. 1895 )
1980 - Hans Asperger , Austrian psychologist (b. 1906 )
1984 - François Truffaut , French film director (b. 1932 )
1986 - Lionel Murphy , Australian politician and judge (b. 1922 )
1990 - Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar , Indian spiritual teacher and social revolutionary (b. 1921 )
1992 - Jim Garrison , American attorney (b. 1921 )
1995 - Shannon Hoon , American singer (Blind Melon ) (b. 1967 )
1995 - Jesús Blasco , Spanish comic book author (b. 1919 )
1995 - Maxene Andrews , American singer (The Andrews Sisters ) (b. 1916 )
2003 - Fred Berry , American actor (b. 1951 )
2003 - Luis A. Ferré , Governor of Puerto Rico (b. 1940 )
2003 - Louise Day Hicks , American politician (b. 1916 )
2003 - Elliott Smith , American musician (b. 1969 )
Holidays and observances Customs and traditions
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