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Local courts proliferated in the splintered polities of medieval Europe and remained in early modern times in Germany and in Italy. Such courts became known for intrigue and power politics, some also gained prominence as centres and collective patrons of art and culture. In medieval Spain (Castile), provincial courts were created. Low noblemen and burguesie allied to have a system to oppose the monarchy for many policy issues. They were called las "Cortes de Castilla". These courts are the root of the current Spanish congress and senate. As political executive functions generally moved to more democratic bases, noble courts have seen their function reduced once more to that of a noble household, concentrating on personal service to the household head, ceremonial and perhaps some residual politico-advisory functions. If republican zeal has banished an area's erstwhile ruling nobility, courts may survive in exile. Individual rulers differed greatly in tastes and interests, as well as in political skills and in constitutional situations. Accordingly, some founded elaborate courts based on new palaces, only to have their successors retreat to remote castles or to practical administrative centres. Personal retreats might arise far away from official court centres.
Court officialsCourt officials or office-bearers derived their positions and retained their titles from their original duties within the courtly household. With time such duties often became archaic, but titles survived involving the ghosts of arcane duties, generally dating back to the days when a noble household had practical and mundane concerns as well as high politics and culture. Such court appointments each have their own histories. They include:
Former seats of courtsBecause the German word hof, meaning an enclosed "court"yard, a word that can also apply to a rural farmstead with outbuildings and walling forming an enclosed perimeter, can be commonly applied in Germany to the palatial seat where the court centered round a person of power was sited, hof or "court" can become transferred to the empty building itself. For example, though the grand residence Hampton Court on the Thames above London has been a palace, where Thomas Wolsey held court as Catholic cardinal (build after the Italian ideal for a cardinal's palace) till his fall and its confiscation by Henry VIII and where William and Mary held court, 1689–94—and though it is built round two main courts—the structure itself, however, is no longer the seat of a court in the sense of this article. As an example, ambassadors to the United Kingdom are still accredited to the Court of St. James's, and courtiers of the monarchy still have offices in St James' Palace, London. The present monarch, however, holds court at Buckingham Palace, where dignitaries are received. Some former seats of power (see official residence):
Noble Court is also the name of a 3 year old thoroughbred who is on the Kentucky Derby trail for 2007. He recently broke his maiden at Hollywood Park, and will be placed in a stakes race at Santa Anita. External link
Further reading
de:Cortes (Ständeversammlung) es:Corte noble fr:Panthéon nordique nl:Cortes (Spaanse Hofraad) no:Hoff pt:Cortes (política) ru:Кортесы sv:Hov (uppvaktning)
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