Merseyside

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Merseyside
Image:EnglandMerseyside.png Shown within England
Geography
Status	Metropolitan county & Ceremonial county
Origin	1974 (Local Government Act 1972)
Region	North West England
Area - Total	Ranked 43rd 645 km²
ONS code	2B
NUTS 2	UKD5
Demographics
Population - Total (2004) - Density	Ranked 9th 1,365,900 2,118 / km²
Ethnicity	97.1% White
Politics
No county council
Members of Parliament	Joe Benton Ben Chapman Claire Curtis-Thomas Angela Eagle Maria Eagle Louise Ellman Frank Field Stephen Hesford George Howarth Jane Kennedy Peter Kilfoyle Edward O'Hara John Pugh Robert Wareing David Watts Shaun Woodward
Districts
Image:MerseysideNumbered.png Liverpool Sefton Knowsley St Helens Wirral

Merseyside is a metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 1,365,900. Taking its name from the River Mersey, Merseyside came into existence as a metropolitan county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. The county consists of five metropolitan boroughs by the Mersey estuary, including the City of Liverpool.

Merseyside County Council was abolished in 1986, and so its districts (the metropolitan boroughs) are now effectively unitary authorities. However, the metropolitan county continues to exist in law and as a geographic frame of reference.^[1][2][3]

Merseyside is divided into two parts by the Mersey estuary; the Wirral is located on the west side of the estuary, upon the Wirral Peninsula and the rest of the county is located on the east side. The northern part of Merseyside borders onto Lancashire to the north, Greater Manchester to the east, both parts border Cheshire to the south.

The territory comprising the county of Merseyside previously formed part of the administrative counties of Lancashire (north of the River Mersey) and Cheshire (south of the River Mersey).

Contents 1 History 2 Identity 3 Local government 3.1 Metropolitan boroughs 3.2 County level functions 4 Economy 5 Settlements 6 Places of interest 7 See also 8 References 9 External links

History

Merseyside was designated as a "Special Review" area in the Local Government Act 1958, and the Local Government Commission for England started a review of this area in 1962, based around the core county boroughs of Birkenhead/Bootle/Liverpool/Wallasey. Further areas, including Widnes and Runcorn, were added to the Special Review Area by Order in 1965. Draft proposals were published in 1965, but the commission never completed its final proposals as it was abolished in 1966.

Instead, a Royal Commission was set up to review English local government entirely, and its report (known as the Redcliffe-Maud Report) proposed a much wider Merseyside metropolitan area covering southwest Lancashire and northwest Cheshire, extending as far south as Chester and as far north as the River Ribble. This would have included four districts: Southport/Crosby, Liverpool/Bootle, St Helens/Widnes and Wirral/Chester.

In 1970 the Merseyside Passenger Transport Executive (which operates under the Merseytravel brand) was set up, covering the Liverpool and Wirral conurbations, but excluding St. Helens.

The Redcliffe-Maud Report was rejected by the incoming Conservative Party government, but the concept of a two-tier metropolitan area based on the Mersey area was retained. A White Paper was published in 1971. The Local Government Bill presented to Parliament involved a substantial trimming from the White Paper, excluding the northern and southern fringes of the area, excluding Chester, Ellesmere Port (and, unusually, including Southport, whose council had requested to be included). Further alterations took place in Parliament, with Skelmersdale being removed from the area, and a proposed district including St Helens and Huyton being subdivided into what are now the metropolitan boroughs of St Helens and Knowsley.

Merseyside was created on April 1 1974 from areas previously part of the administrative counties of Lancashire and Cheshire, along with the county boroughs of Birkenhead, Wallasey, Liverpool, Bootle, and St Helens. Following the creation of Merseyside, Merseytravel expanded to take in St. Helens and Southport.

Between 1974 and 1986 the county had a two-tier system of local government with the five boroughs sharing power with the Merseyside County Council. However in 1986 the government of Margaret Thatcher abolished the county council along with all other metropolitan county councils, and so its boroughs are now effectively unitary authorities.

Merseyside however still exists legally, both as a metropolitan and ceremonial county.^[4][5][6]

Identity

It is traditional to express location within the Merseyside area by the preposition on, thus "on Merseyside" as opposed to "in Merseyside" (after all, one would be "on the side of the Mersey" not "in" it). Current usage seems to be to make a distinction between the geographical "Merseyside" for which "on" is appropriate and the county, for which "in" is used.

Some prefer to use the historic counties of Lancashire and Cheshire in preference to the newer county of Merseyside as a geographic frame of reference.^[7]. MORI polls in the boroughs of Sefton and Wirral in the 2000s showed that more residents in these boroughs identified strongly to Merseyside than to Lancashire or Cheshire respectively (but was less likely to be "very strong" as opposed to "fairly strong"). ^[8]

Local government

Metropolitan boroughs

Merseyside contains the metropolitan boroughs of Liverpool, Knowsley, Sefton, St Helens and the Wirral. The county is divided into two parts by the Mersey estuary; the Wirral is located on the west side of the estuary, upon the Wirral Peninsula and the rest of the county is located on the east side. The northern part of Merseyside borders onto Lancashire to the north, Greater Manchester to the east; both parts border Cheshire to the south.

County level functions

Despite the abolition of the county council some local services are still run on a county-wide basis, now administered by joint-boards of the five metropolitan boroughs; these include the:

• Merseyside Police
• Merseyside Fire & Rescue Service
• Merseytravel (who are also responsible for the Merseyrail network)
• Merseyside Waste Disposal Authority
• Merseyside Pension Scheme, administered by Wirral Borough Council, with offices in Liverpool

Several organisations are still recognised using the old name of "Merseyside". The court service at Liverpool's Magistrate Court for example, registered the domain merseysidemcc.org.uk on 25th March 2000, more than a decade after the Merseyside Council was abolished.

Economy

This is a chart of trend of regional gross value added of Merseyside at current basic prices published (pp.240-253) by Office for National Statistics with figures in millions of British Pounds Sterling.

Year	Regional Gross Value Added[9]	Agriculture[10]	Industry[11]	Services[12]
1995	10,931	50	3,265	7,616
2000	13,850	29	3,489	10,330
2003	16,173	39	3,432	12,701

Settlements

See the list of places in Merseyside. Merseyside is divided into two parts by the Mersey estuary, the Wirral is located on the west side of the estuary, upon the Wirral Peninsula and the rest of the county is located on the east side of the estuary. The northern part of Merseyside borders onto Lancashire to the north, Greater Manchester to the east, both parts border Cheshire to the south. The territory comprising the county of Merseyside previously formed part of the administrative counties of Lancashire (north of the River Mersey) and Cheshire (south of the River Mersey).

The two parts are linked by two road tunnels, a railway tunnel, and the famous Mersey Ferry. Other districts that are part of the urban area (but not part of Merseyside) are Ellesmere Port and Neston and Halton. The designation "Greater Merseyside" has been adopted for the area comprising Merseyside and Halton, whilst the term "Liverpool City-Region" is less well-defined.

Places of interest

Anfield Goodison Park Gambier Terrace Albert Dock Cavern Club Childe of Hale Croxteth Hall Speke Hall - National Trust Mersey Tunnels - Queensway and Kingsway Tate Liverpool, a branch of the Tate Gallery Lady Lever Art Gallery Liverpool Museum Merseyside Maritime Museum HM Customs & Excise National Museum Museum of Liverpool Life Walker Art Gallery Liverpool Cathedral Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral of Christ the King Port Sunlight Leasowe Castle Bidston Windmill Leasowe Lighthouse Hilbre Island North Wirral Coastal Park St Helens' World of Glass

See also

• Category:Culture in Merseyside

References

1. ^ Office of National Statistics - Gazetteer of the old and new geographies of the United Kingdom, p48. URL accessed March 11, 2007.
2. ^ Metropolitan Counties and Districts, Beginners' Guide to UK Geography, Office for National Statistics, September 17, 2004. URL accessed March 11, 2007.
3. ^ North West England Counties, The Boundary Commission for England. URL accessed March 11, 2007.
4. ^ Office of National Statistics - Gazetteer of the old and new geographies of the United Kingdom, p48. URL accessed March 11, 2007.
5. ^ Metropolitan Counties and Districts, Beginners' Guide to UK Geography, Office for National Statistics, September 17, 2004. URL accessed March 11, 2007.
6. ^ North West England Counties, The Boundary Commission for England. URL accessed March 11, 2007.
7. ^ Local Government Commission Draft Recommendations 1994: 'We have received large numbers of representations from people living in Merseyside and Greater Manchester who still consider themselves Lancastrians and who would like to see the reinstatement of the historic county.'
8. ^ Sefton poll, where 51% residents belonged strongly to Merseyside, and compared to 35% to Lancshire; Wirral poll, where 45% of residents belonged strongly to Merseyside; compared to 30% to Cheshire. In both boroughs, "very strongly" ratings for the historic county were larger than that for Merseyside, but "fairly strongly" was lower.
9. ^ Components may not sum to totals due to rounding
10. ^ includes hunting and forestry
11. ^ includes energy and construction
12. ^ includes financial intermediation services indirectly measured

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