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Mento
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- This article is about the Jamaican musical style. For the D.C. comics character, see Mento (comics). For the candy, see Mentos.
Mento is a style of Jamaican folk music that predates and has greatly influenced ska and reggae music. Mento typically features acoustic instruments, such as acoustic guitar, banjo, hand drums, and the rhumba box - a large mbira in the shape of a box that can be sat on while played. The rhumba box carries the bass part of the music.
Mento is often confused with
Calypso, a musical form from
Trinidad and Tobago. Although the two share many similarities, they are separate and distinct musical forms. In part, the differences stem from the differing colonial histories of the two
West Indian Islands, as Jamaican Music lacks the
Spanish influences found in other
Caribbean musical styles.
Mento draws on musical traditions brought over by African slaves. The influence of European music is also strong, as slaves who could play musical instruments were often required to play music for their masters. They subsequently incorporated some elements of these traditions into their own folk music. The lyrics of mento songs often deal with aspects of everyday life in a light-hearted and humorous way. Many comment on poverty, poor housing and other social issues. Thinly-veiled sexual references and innuendo are also common themes. Although the treatment of such subjects in mento is comparatively innocent, their appearance has sometimes been seen as a precursor of the 'slackness' found in modern dancehall.
The golden age of mento was the 1950s, as records pressed by
Stanley Motta and others brought the music to a new audience. In the 1960s it was overshadowed by
ska and reggae, but it is still played in Jamaica, especially in areas frequented by tourists. It was repopularized by the
Jolly Boys in the late
1980s and early
1990s with the release of four recordings on
First Warning Records/
Rykodisc and a tour that included the
United States.
Further reading
- Floyd Jr, Samuel A (1999). "Black Music in the Circum-Caribbean". American Music, Vol. 17, No. 1 (Spring, 1999), pp. 1-38.
- Neely, Daniel (2001). "Long Time Gal! Mento is Back!". The Beat, December 2001, vol. 20, no. 6: 38-42. Available in pdf format at New York University homepages.
- Barrow, Steve; Dalton, Peter [1997] (08 2004). "The Beginnings: Mento to Ska", The Rough Guide to Reggae, Third Edition, Strand, London, England: Rough Guides, Ltd.. ISBN 1-84353-329-4.
Films
- 1984 - Caribbean Crucible. From Repercussions: A Celebration of African-American Music series, program 6. Directed by Dennis Marks and Geoffrey Haydon.
