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DepartmentsThe laboratory is often divided into a number of disciplines:
Types of laboratory
For extremely specialised tests, samples may go to an environmental science or research laboratory. A lot of samples are sent between different labs for uncommon tests. It is more cost effective if a particular laboratory specialises in a rare test, receiving specimens (and money) from other labs, while sending away tests it cannot do. Sample processingSample processing will usually start with a set of samples and a request form.
The form and the specimens are given a laboratory number. The specimens will usually all receive the same number, often as a sticker that can be placed on the tubes and form. Entry of requests onto a laboratory management system involves typing, or scanning (where barcodes are used) in the laboratory number, and entering the patient identification, as well as any tests requested. This allows laboratory machines, computers and staff to know what tests are pending, and also gives a place (such as a hospital department, doctor or other customer) for results to go. For biochemistry samples, blood is usually centrifuged and serum is separated. If the serum needs to go on more than one machine, it can be divided into separate tubes. Many specimens end up in one or more sophisticated automated analyser, that process a fraction of the sample and return one or more "results". Laboratory InformaticsLaboratories today are held together by a system of software programs and computers that exchange data about patients, test requests and test results, known as Laboratory information system. This system enables hospitals and labs to send the correct test requests for each sample and keep track of individual patient or sample history, and help to guarantee a better quality of results, as well as publishing the results for doctors to check and patients to read. See also
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