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Mary Baker Eddy
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Mary Baker Eddy (born Mary Morse Baker July 16, 1821 - December 3, 1910) founded the Church of Christ, Scientist in 1879 and was the author of its fundamental doctrinal textbook, Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures. She took the name Mary Baker Glover from her first marriage and was also known as Mary Baker Glover Eddy or Mary Baker G. Eddy from her third marriage.
Contents
- 1 Life
- 2 Foundation and building of her church
- 3 Works
- 4 Notes
- 5 See also
- 6 External links
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Life
Mary Baker Eddy, the youngest of the six children of Abigail and Mark Baker, was born in Bow, New Hampshire.[1] Although she was raised a Congregationalist, she rejected teachings such as predestination. She suffered chronic illness and developed a strong interest in the biblical accounts of early Christian healing. On December 10 1843, she married George Washington Glover. He died on June 27 1844, a little over two months before the birth of their only child, George Washington Glover, Jr. Eddy married Dr. Daniel Patterson, a dentist, on June 21, 1853. In the 1850s and 1860s she explored homeopathy and other alternative healing methods popular in the United States at that time.
In October 1862 she became a patient of
Phineas Quimby, a
magnetic healer from
Maine. Eddy was benefited temporarily by his treatment, and was influenced by his beliefs concerning the nature of illness. The extent of Quimby's influence on Eddy has been one of the most disputed aspects of her life. Quimby died in January 1866. Eddy divorced Patterson in 1873 for
adultery that he readily admitted. In 1877 she married Asa Gilbert Eddy, who died in 1882.
After a severe fall caused a major spinal injury in Lynn, Massachusetts in February 1866, Eddy turned to the Bible and recovered unexpectedly. Despite this unexpected recovery, however, she still tried to claim money from the city for her injury on the grounds that she was ‘still suffering from the effects of that fall’.[2] She devoted the next three years of her life to biblical study and the development of Christian Science. Convinced that illness was an illusion that could be healed through a clearer perception of God, she began teaching her theory of healing to others. She felt that she had discovered a positive rule or Principle of healing in a new understanding of God as divine Principle and infinite Spirit beyond the limitations of the material sense of reality she termed error. Christian Science, as a theological and metaphysical system, was essentially different from Quimby's beliefs and practices.
Foundation and building of her church
In 1875, Eddy published her beliefs in a book entitled "Science and Health" (years later retitled Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures), which she called the textbook of Christian Science. The first publication run was one thousand copies, which she self-published. In it she claimed "In the year 1866, I discovered the Christ Science or divine laws of Life, Truth, and Love, and named my discovery Christian Science" (p. 107).
Eddy devoted the rest of her life to the establishment of the church, writing its bylaws, "The Manual of The Mother Church," and revising "Science and Health." While Eddy was a highly controversial religious leader, author, and lecturer, thousands of people flocked to her teachings. She was supported by the approximately 800 students she had taught at her Massachusetts Metaphysical College in Boston, Massachusetts between the years 1882 and 1889. These students spread across the country practicing healing in accordance with Eddy's teachings. Eddy authorized these students to list themselves as Christian Science Practitioners in the church's periodical, the Christian Science Journal.
In 1908, at the age of 87, Eddy founded
The Christian Science Monitor, a daily
newspaper which continues to be published today. She also founded the
Christian Science Journal in 1883, a monthly magazine aimed at the church's members and, in 1898, the
Christian Science Sentinel, a weekly religious periodical written for a more general audience, and the
Herald of Christian Science, a religious magazine with editions in non-English languages, for children, and in
English-Braille. She died
December 3,
1910.
In 1921, on the 100th anniversary of Eddy's birth, a 100-ton, eleven-foot granite pyramid was dedicated on the site of her birthplace in Bow, New Hampshire. A gift from the Freemasons, it was later dynamited by order of the church's board of directors[citation needed]. Also demolished was Eddy's former home in Pleasant View, as the board feared that it was becoming a place of pilgrimage. Although Eddy cultivated personal praise in her lifetime for various reasons, including for publicity and fundraising, the church claims to shun both the cult of personality and religious reliquaries.
- A well footnoted (scholarly) biography which eventually became the church-authorized biography of Eddy is Robert Peel's trilogy Mary Baker Eddy: The Years of Discovery, Mary Baker Eddy: The Years of Trial, and Mary Baker Eddy: The Years of Authority. (1966-1971)
- A more recent single volume is another church-authorized but controversial 1999 work by a non-Christian Scientist, Gillian Gill (ISBN 0-7382-0227-4), which includes review of the numerous other biographies over the years.
- See also Stephen Gottschalk, Rolling Away the Stone, Mary Baker Eddy's Challenge to Materialism, (ISBN 0-253-34673-8) for a new account of her founding the church and relations to critics such as Mark Twain. (Indiana University Press: 2006)
- Mary Baker Eddy, Speaking for Herself (ISBN 0-87952-275-5)
- Willa Cather and Georgine Milmine The Life of Mary Baker G. Eddy and the History of Christian Science (1993) began as a famous magazine series 1907-08 and critical book in 1909.
- Doris and Moris Grekel also wrote three-part non church-authorized biography on Eddy, The Discovery of the Science of Man: (1821-1888), (ISBN 1-893107-23-X), The Founding of Christian Science: The Life of Mary Baker Eddy 1888-1900, (ISBN 1-893107-24-8), and The Forever Leader: (1901-1910) (ISBN 0-9645803-8-1). This biography was aimed at serious students of Christian Science as opposed to the general public.
- Former Church treasurer and clerk, John V. Dittemore teamed up with Ernest Sutherland Bates, in 1932, to write a biography, Mary Baker Eddy - The Truth and the Tradition. Most of the prose was written by Bates and Dittemore would later distance himself from the book. It has some genuinely distinct information including a list of Eddy's students taught at the Massachusetts Metaphysical College.
- The famous novelist Stefan Zweig wrote a biography Mary Baker Eddy
- Dakin, Edwin Franden (1929). Mrs. Eddy: The Biography of a Virginal Mind. London: Charles Scribner's Sons, 558.
- Martin Gardner, The Healing Revelations of Mary Baker Eddy, Prometheus Books, 1993.
Works
- Science And Health, With Key To The Scriptures - 1875, revised through 1910
- Miscellaneous Writings
- Retrospection and Introspection
- Unity of Good
- Pulpit and Press
- Rudimental Divine Science
- No and Yes
- Christian Science versus Pantheism
- Message to The Mother Church, 1900
- Message to The Mother Church, 1901
- Message to The Mother Church, 1902
- Christian Healing
- The People's Idea of God
- The First Church of Christ, Scientist, and Miscellany
- The Manual of The Mother Church
Notes
See also
