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List of basic geography topics

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<imagemap>: image is invalid or non-existent Lists of basic topics
For a more comprehensive list, see the List of geography topics.

Geography is the study of the Earth and its features and of the distribution of life on the earth, including human life and the effects of human activity. Geography research addresses both the questions of where, as well as why, geographical phenomena occur. Basic topics in geography include:

Image:Portal.svg
Geography Portal
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Map of the Earth

Contents

  • 1 Nature of geography
  • 2 Branches of geography
    • 2.1 Sub-fields of human geography
    • 2.2 Sub-fields of physical geography
    • 2.3 Geographic multi-disciplinary fields
  • 3 Geography by region
    • 3.1 Regions of the world
    • 3.2 Demographics by region
  • 4 History of geography
  • 5 Earth's spheres
  • 6 Geographical features
    • 6.1 The Continents
    • 6.2 Natural geographical features (landforms)
    • 6.3 Manmade geographical features
  • 7 Basic geography concepts
  • 8 Influential geographers
  • 9 Geography lists
  • 10 See also
  • 11 External links

Nature of geography

Main articles: Earth and Geography
  • 5 Themes of Geography

Branches of geography

Geography is divided into 2 main branches: physical geography and human geography. Each of these branches is divided into a number of subfields:

Sub-fields of human geography

Main article: Human geography
Fields of human geographyFocal subjects
Behavioral geography
Children's geographies
Cultural geography
Economic geography
Environmental geography
Feminist geography
Development geography
Health geography
Historical geography
Military geography
Political geography, including Geopolitics
Population geography or Demography
Regional geography
Social geography
Strategic geography
Transportation geography
Time geography
Tourism geography
Urban geography

Sub-fields of physical geography

Main article: Physical geography
Fields of physical geographyFocal subjects
Biogeography Species
Climatology Climate
Coastal/Marine studies Coasts
Environmental geography Environmental science
Geodesy Gravity, Magnetic field
Geomorphology Landforms
Hydrology Water cycle, Water resources
   Glaciology Glacier
   Oceanography Ocean, Sea
   Limnology Lake, Pond, River
Landscape ecology Nitrogen cycle
Palaeogeography Continental drift
Pedology Soil

Geographic multi-disciplinary fields

  • Cartography
  • Ethnography
  • Geographic information systems (GIS)
  • Geostatistics

Geography by region

Main list: Lists of places
v • d • e
Geography of Africa

Algeria · Angola · Benin · Botswana · Burkina Faso · Burundi · Cameroon · Cape Verde · Central African Republic · Chad · Comoros · Democratic Republic of the Congo · Republic of the Congo · Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) · Djibouti · Egypt · Equatorial Guinea · Eritrea · Ethiopia · Gabon · The Gambia · Ghana · Guinea · Guinea-Bissau · Kenya · Lesotho · Liberia · Libya · Madagascar · Malawi · Mali · Mauritania · Mauritius · Morocco · Mozambique · Namibia · Niger · Nigeria · Rwanda · São Tomé and Príncipe · Senegal · Seychelles · Sierra Leone · Somalia · South Africa · Sudan · Swaziland · Tanzania · Togo · Tunisia · Uganda · Zambia · Zimbabwe

Dependencies and other territories
Ceuta · Mayotte · Melilla · Puntland · Réunion · St. Helena · Somaliland · Western Sahara (SADR)

v • d • e
Geography of North America

Antigua and Barbuda · Bahamas · Barbados · Belize · Canada · Costa Rica · Cuba · Dominica · Dominican Republic · El Salvador · Grenada · Guatemala · Haiti · Honduras · Jamaica · Mexico · Nicaragua · Panama · Saint Kitts and Nevis · Saint Lucia · Saint Vincent and the Grenadines · Trinidad and Tobago · United States

Dependencies and other territories
Anguilla · Aruba · Bermuda · British Virgin Islands · Cayman Islands · Greenland · Guadeloupe · Martinique · Montserrat · Navassa Island · Netherlands Antilles · Puerto Rico · Saint Pierre and Miquelon · Turks and Caicos Islands · U.S. Virgin Islands

v • d • e
Geography of South America

Image:South America.png

Sovereign states
Argentina · Bolivia · Brazil · Chile · Colombia · Ecuador · Guyana · Panama* · Paraguay · Peru · Suriname · Trinidad and Tobago* · Uruguay · Venezuela

Dependencies
Aruba* (Netherlands) · Falkland Islands (UK) · French Guiana (France) · Netherlands Antilles* (Netherlands) · South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (UK)
* Territories also in or commonly reckoned elsewhere in the Americas (North America).

v • d • e
Geography of Asia

Afghanistan · Armenia · Azerbaijan1 · Bahrain · Bangladesh · Bhutan · Brunei · Cambodia · China (People's Republic of China (Hong Kong • Macau) · Republic of China (Taiwan)) · Cyprus · East Timor · Georgia1 · India · Indonesia · Iran · Iraq · Israel (see also Palestinian territories) · Japan · Jordan · Kazakhstan1 · Korea (North Korea · South Korea) · Kuwait · Kyrgyzstan · Laos · Lebanon · Malaysia · Maldives · Mongolia · Myanmar · Nepal · Oman · Pakistan · Philippines · Qatar · Russia1 · Saudi Arabia · Singapore · Sri Lanka · Syria · Tajikistan · Thailand · Turkey1 · Turkmenistan · United Arab Emirates · Uzbekistan · Vietnam · Yemen

1 Has some territory in Europe.

v • d • e
Geography of Europe

Albania · Andorra · Armenia2 · Austria · Azerbaijan4 · Belarus · Belgium · Bosnia and Herzegovina · Bulgaria · Croatia · Cyprus2 · Czech Republic · Denmark · Estonia · Finland · France · Georgia4 · Germany · Greece · Hungary · Iceland · Ireland · Italy · Kazakhstan1 · Latvia · Liechtenstein · Lithuania · Luxembourg · Republic of Macedonia · Malta · Moldova · Monaco · Montenegro · Netherlands · Norway · Poland · Portugal · Romania · Russia1 · San Marino · Serbia · Slovakia · Slovenia · Spain · Sweden · Switzerland · Turkey1 · Ukraine · United Kingdom · Vatican City

Dependencies, autonomies and other territories
Abkhazia4 · Adjara2 · Åland · Akrotiri and Dhekelia · Crimea · Faroe Islands · Gibraltar · Guernsey · Isle of Man · Jersey · Kosovo · Nagorno-Karabakh2 · Nakhichevan2 · Transnistria · Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus2, 3

1 Has significant territory in Asia. 2 Entirely in West Asia, but considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons. 3 Only recognised by Turkey. 4 Partially or entirely in Asia, depending on the definition of the border between Europe and Asia.

v • d • e
Geography of Oceania
Image:Australia.png

Australia

Australia · Norfolk Island · Christmas Island · Cocos (Keeling) Islands

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Melanesia

East Timor · Fiji · New Caledonia · Papua New Guinea · Solomon Islands · Vanuatu

Image:Micronesia.png

Micronesia

Guam · Kiribati · Marshall Islands · Northern Mariana Islands · Federated States of Micronesia · Nauru · Palau

Image:Polynesia.png

Polynesia

American Samoa · Cook Islands · French Polynesia · New Zealand · Niue · Pitcairn · Samoa · Tokelau · Tonga · Tuvalu · Wallis and Futuna

Regions of the world

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Countries of Africa
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Countries of Asia
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Countries of Europe
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Countries of North America
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Countries of Oceania
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Countries of South America

More territories: Bouvet Island • French Southern Territories • Heard Island and McDonald Islands • South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands • Antarctic territorial claims

v • d • e
Regions of Africa

Algeria · Angola · Benin · Botswana · Burkina Faso · Burundi · Cameroon · Cape Verde · Central African Republic · Chad · Comoros · Democratic Republic of the Congo · Republic of the Congo · Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) · Djibouti · Egypt · Equatorial Guinea · Eritrea · Ethiopia · Gabon · The Gambia · Ghana · Guinea · Guinea-Bissau · Kenya · Lesotho · Liberia · Libya · Madagascar · Malawi · Mali · Mauritania · Mauritius · Morocco · Mozambique · Namibia · Niger · Nigeria · Rwanda · São Tomé and Príncipe · Senegal · Seychelles ·