List of Nobel laureates

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Winners of the Nobel Prize are scientists, writers and peacemakers who have been awarded in their field of endeavour, and who are known collectively as either Nobel laureates or Nobel Prize winners.

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Contents 1 Physics 2 Chemistry 3 Physiology or medicine 4 Literature 5 Peace 6 Economics 7 See also

Physics

Main article: Nobel Prize in Physics

2006 John C. Mather, George F. Smoot

2005 Roy J. Glauber, John L. Hall, Theodor W. Hänsch

2004 David J. Gross, H. David Politzer, Frank Wilczek

2003 Alexei A. Abrikosov, Vitaly L. Ginzburg, Anthony J. Leggett

2002 Raymond Davis Jr., Masatoshi Koshiba, Riccardo Giacconi

2001 Eric A. Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle, Carl E. Wieman

2000 Zhores I. Alferov, Herbert Kroemer, Jack S. Kilby

1999 Gerardus 't Hooft, Martinus J.G. Veltman

1998 Robert B. Laughlin, Horst L. Störmer, Daniel C. Tsui

1997 Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, William D. Phillips

1996 David M. Lee, Douglas D. Osheroff, Robert Coleman Richardson

1995 Martin L. Perl, Frederick Reines

1994 Bertram N. Brockhouse, Clifford G. Shull

1993 Russell A. Hulse, Joseph H. Taylor Jr.

1992 Georges Charpak

1991 Pierre-Gilles de Gennes

1990 Jerome I. Friedman, Henry W. Kendall, Richard E. Taylor

1989 Norman F. Ramsey, Hans G. Dehmelt, Wolfgang Paul

1988 Leon M. Lederman, Melvin Schwartz, Jack Steinberger

1987 J. Georg Bednorz, K. Alex Müller

1986 Ernst Ruska, Gerd Binnig, Heinrich Rohrer

1985 Klaus von Klitzing

1984 Carlo Rubbia, Simon van der Meer

1983 Subramanyan Chandrasekhar, William A. Fowler

1982 Kenneth G. Wilson

1981 Nicolaas Bloembergen, Arthur L. Schawlow, Kai M. Siegbahn

1980 James Cronin, Val Fitch

1979 Sheldon Glashow, Abdus Salam, Steven Weinberg

1978 Pyotr Kapitsa, Arno Penzias, Robert Woodrow Wilson

1977 Philip W. Anderson, Sir Nevill F. Mott, John H. van Vleck

1976 Burton Richter, Samuel C.C. Ting

1975 Aage N. Bohr, Ben R. Mottelson, James Rainwater

1974 Martin Ryle, Antony Hewish

1973 Leo Esaki, Ivar Giaever, Brian D. Josephson

1972 John Bardeen, Leon Neil Cooper, Robert Schrieffer

1971 Dennis Gabor

1970 Hannes Alfvén, Louis Néel

1969 Murray Gell-Mann

1968 Luis Alvarez

1967 Hans Bethe

1966 Alfred Kastler

1965 Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, Julian Schwinger, Richard P. Feynman

1964 Charles H. Townes, Nicolay G. Basov, Aleksandr M. Prokhorov

1963 Eugene Wigner, Maria Goeppert-Mayer, J. Hans D. Jensen

1962 Lev Landau

1961 Robert Hofstadter, Rudolf Mössbauer

1960 Donald A. Glaser

1959 Emilio Segrè, Owen Chamberlain

1958 Pavel A. Cherenkov, Il´ja M. Frank, Igor Y. Tamm

1957 Chen Ning Yang, Tsung-Dao Lee

1956 William B. Shockley, John Bardeen, Walter H. Brattain

1955 Willis E. Lamb, Polykarp Kusch

1954 Max Born, Walther Bothe

1953 Frits Zernike

1952 Felix Bloch, E. M. Purcell

1951 John Cockcroft, Ernest T.S. Walton

1950 Cecil Powell

1949 Hideki Yukawa

1948 Patrick M.S. Blackett

1947 Edward V. Appleton

1946 Percy W. Bridgman

1945 Wolfgang Pauli

1944 Isidor Isaac Rabi

1943 Otto Stern

1942 No prize awarded. 1/3 of the prize money for this year was allocated to the Main Fund, 2/3 to the Special Fund of the physics section.

1941 No prize awarded. 1/3 of the prize money for this year was allocated to the Main Fund, 2/3 to the Special Fund of the physics section.

1940 No prize awarded. 1/3 of the prize money for this year was allocated to the Main Fund, 2/3 to the Special Fund of the physics section.

1939 Ernest Lawrence

1938 Enrico Fermi

1937 Clinton Davisson, George Paget Thomson

1936 Victor F. Hess, Carl D. Anderson

1935 James Chadwick

1934 No prize awarded. 1/3 of the prize money for this year was allocated to the Main Fund, 2/3 to the Special Fund of the physics section.

1933 Erwin Schrödinger, Paul A.M. Dirac

1932 Werner Heisenberg

1931 No prize awarded. The prize money for this year was allocated to the Special Fund of the physics section.

1930 Venkata Raman

1929 Louis de Broglie

1928 Owen Willans Richardson

1927 Arthur H. Compton, C.T.R. Wilson

1926 Jean Baptiste Perrin

1925 James Franck, Gustav Hertz

1924 Manne Siegbahn

1923 Robert A. Millikan

1922 Niels Bohr

1921 Albert Einstein

1920 Charles Edouard Guillaume

1919 Johannes Stark

1918 Max Planck

1917 Charles Glover Barkla

1916 No prize awarded. The prize money for this year was allocated to the Special Fund of the physics section.

1915 William Henry Bragg, William Lawrence Bragg (father and son)

1914 Max von Laue

1913 Heike Kamerlingh Onnes

1912 Gustaf Dalén

1911 Wilhelm Wien

1910 Johannes Diderik van der Waals

1909 Guglielmo Marconi, Ferdinand Braun

1908 Gabriel Lippmann

1907 Albert A. Michelson

1906 J.J. Thomson

1905 Philipp Lenard

1904 Lord Rayleigh

1903 Henri Becquerel, Pierre Curie, Maria Skłodowska-Curie

1902 Hendrik A. Lorentz, Pieter Zeeman

1901 Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen

Chemistry

Main article: Nobel Prize in Chemistry

2006	Roger D. Kornberg
2005	Robert Grubbs, Richard Schrock, Yves Chauvin
2004	Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko, Irwin Rose
2003	Peter Agre, Roderick MacKinnon
2002	John B. Fenn, Koichi Tanaka, Kurt Wüthrich
2001	William S. Knowles, Ryoji Noyori, K. Barry Sharpless
2000	Alan Heeger, Alan G. MacDiarmid, Hideki Shirakawa
1999	Ahmed Zewail
1998	Walter Kohn, John Pople
1997	Paul D. Boyer, John E. Walker, Jens C. Skou
1996	Robert F. Curl Jr., Sir Harold Kroto, Richard E. Smalley
1995	Paul J. Crutzen, Mario J. Molina, F. Sherwood Rowland
1994	George A. Olah
1993	Kary B. Mullis, Michael Smith
1992	Rudolph A. Marcus
1991	Richard R. Ernst
1990	Elias James Corey
1989	Sidney Altman, Thomas R. Cech
1988	Johann Deisenhofer, Robert Huber, Hartmut Michel
1987	Donald J. Cram, Jean-Marie Lehn, Charles J. Pedersen
1986	Dudley R. Herschbach, Yuan T. Lee, John C. Polanyi
1985	Herbert A. Hauptman, Jerome Karle
1984	Bruce Merrifield
1983	Henry Taube
1982	Aaron Klug
1981	Kenichi Fukui, Roald Hoffmann
1980	Paul Berg, Walter Gilbert, Frederick Sanger
1979	Herbert C. Brown, Georg Wittig
1978	Peter Mitchell
1977	Ilya Prigogine
1976	William Lipscomb
1975	John Cornforth, Vladimir Prelog
1974	Paul J. Flory
1973	Ernst Otto Fischer, Geoffrey Wilkinson
1972	Christian Anfinsen, Stanford Moore, William H. Stein
1971	Gerhard Herzberg
1970	Luis Leloir
1969	Derek Barton, Odd Hassel
1968	Lars Onsager
1967	Manfred Eigen, Ronald G.W. Norrish, George Porter
1966	Robert S. Mulliken
1965	Robert Burns Woodward
1964	Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin
1963	Karl Ziegler, Giulio Natta
1962	Max F. Perutz, John C. Kendrew
1961	Melvin Calvin
1960	Willard F. Libby
1959	Jaroslav Heyrovský
1958	Frederick Sanger
1957	Lord Todd
1956	Sir Cyril Hinshelwood, Nikolay Semenov
1955	Vincent du Vigneaud
1954	Linus Pauling
1953	Hermann Staudinger
1952	Edwin M. McMillan, Glenn T. Seaborg
1951	Max Theiler
1950	Otto Diels, Kurt Alder
1949	William F. Giauque
1948	Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius
1947	Sir Robert Robinson
1946	James B. Sumner, John H. Northrop, Wendell M. Stanley
1945	Artturi Virtanen
1944	Otto Hahn
1943	George de Hevesy
1942	No prize awarded. 1/3 of the prize money for this year was allocated to the Main Fund, 2/3 to the Special Fund of the chemistry section.
1941	No prize awarded. 1/3 of the prize money for this year was allocated to the Main Fund, 2/3 to the Special Fund of the chemistry section.
1940	No prize awarded. 1/3 of the prize money for this year was allocated to the Main Fund, 2/3 to the Special Fund of the chemistry section.
1939	Adolf Butenandt, Leopold Ruzicka
1938	Richard Kuhn
1937	Norman Haworth, Paul Karrer
1936	Peter Debye
1935	Frédéric Joliot-Curie, Irène Joliot-Curie
1934	Harold C. Urey
1933	No prize awarded. 1/3 of the prize money for this year was allocated to the Main Fund, 2/3 to the Special Fund of the chemistry section.
1932	Irving Langmuir
1931	Carl Bosch, Friedrich Bergius
1930	Hans Fischer
1929	Arthur Harden, Hans von Euler-Chelpin
1928	Adolf Windaus
1927	Heinrich Wieland
1926	The Svedberg
1925	Richard Zsigmondy
1924	No prize awarded. The prize money for this year was allocated to the Special Fund of the chemistry section.
1923	Fritz Pregl
1922	Francis W. Aston
1921	Frederick Soddy
1920	Walther Nernst
1919	No prize awarded. The prize money for this year was allocated to the Special Fund of the chemistry section.
1918	Fritz Haber
1917	No prize awarded. The prize money for this year was allocated to the Special Fund of the chemistry section.
1916	No prize awarded. The prize money for this year was allocated to the Special Fund of the chemistry section.
1915	Richard Willstätter
1914	Theodore William Richards
1913	Alfred Werner
1912	Victor Grignard, Paul Sabatier
1911	Maria Skłodowska-Curie
1910	Otto Wallach
1909	Wilhelm Ostwald
1908	Ernest Rutherford
1907	Eduard Buchner
1906	Henri Moissan
1905	Adolf von Baeyer
1904	Sir William Ramsay
1903	Svante Arrhenius
1902	Emil Fischer
1901	Jacobus H. van 't Hoff

Physiology or medicine

Main article: Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

2006	Andrew Z. Fire, Craig C. Mello
2005	Barry J. Marshall, J. Robin Warren
2004	Richard Axel, Linda B. Buck
2003	Paul C. Lauterbur, Peter Mansfield
2002	Sydney Brenner, H. Robert Horvitz, John E. Sulston
2001	Leland H. Hartwell, Tim Hunt, Sir Paul Nurse
2000	Arvid Carlsson, Paul Greengard, Eric R. Kandel
1999	Günter Blobel
1998	Robert F. Furchgott, Louis J. Ignarro, Ferid Murad
1997	Stanley B. Prusiner
1996	Peter C. Doherty, Rolf M. Zinkernagel
1995	Edward B. Lewis, Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard, Eric F. Wieschaus
1994	Alfred G. Gilman, Martin Rodbell
1993	Richard J. Roberts, Phillip A. Sharp
1992	Edmond H. Fischer, Edwin G. Krebs
1991	Erwin Neher, Bert Sakmann
1990	Joseph E. Murray, E. Donnall Thomas
1989	J. Michael Bishop, Harold E. Varmus
1988	James W. Black, Gertrude B. Elion, George H. Hitchings
1987	Susumu Tonegawa
1986	Stanley Cohen, Rita Levi-Montalcini
1985	Michael S. Brown, Joseph L. Goldstein
1984	Niels K. Jerne, Georges J.F. Köhler, César Milstein
1983	Barbara McClintock
1982	Sune K. Bergström, Bengt I. Samuelsson, John R. Vane
1981	Roger W. Sperry, David H. Hubel, Torsten N. Wiesel
1980	Baruj Benacerraf, Jean Dausset, George D. Snell
1979	Allan M. Cormack, Godfrey N. Hounsfield
1978	Werner Arber, Daniel Nathans, Hamilton O. Smith
1977	Roger Guillemin, Andrew V. Schally, Rosalyn Yalow
1976	Baruch S. Blumberg, D. Carleton Gajdusek
1975	David Baltimore, Renato Dulbecco, Howard M. Temin
1974	Albert Claude, Christian de Duve, George E. Palade
1973	Karl von Frisch, Konrad Lorenz, Nikolaas Tinbergen
1972	Gerald M. Edelman, Rodney R. Porter
1971	Earl W. Sutherland, Jr.
1970	Sir Bernard Katz, Ulf von Euler, Julius Axelrod
1969	Max Delbrück, Alfred D. Hershey, Salvador E. Luria
1968	Robert W. Holley, H. Gobind Khorana, Marshall W. Nirenberg
1967