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To license or grant licence is to give permission. A licence (British/Australian Spelling) or license (American Spelling) is the document demonstrating that permission. License may be granted by a party ("licensor") to another party ("licensee") as an element of an agreement between those parties. A shorthand definition of a license is "a promise (by the licensor) not to sue (the licensee)."
OccupationalObtaining a licence is required of a number of occupations and professions where maintenance of standards is required to protect public safety, for example physicians, psychologists, and electricians are often licensed by the government or professional societies. Intellectual property
A license under intellectual property commonly has several component parts, including a term, territory, renewal, as well as other limitations deemed vital to the licensor. Term: many licenses are valid for a particular length of time. This protects the licensor should the value of the license increase, or market conditions change. Territory: a license may stipulate what territory the rights pertain to. For example, a license with a territory limited to "North America" (United States/Canada) would not permit a licensee any protection for actions in Japan. Mass licensing of software
Under a typical end-user license agreement, the user may install the software on a limited number of computers. The enforceability of end-user license agreements is sometimes questioned. Trademark and brand licensingA licensor may grant permission to a licensee to distribute products under a trademark. With such a license, the licensee may use the trademark without fear of a claim of trademark infringement by the licensor. Artwork and character licensingA licensor may grant a permission to a licensee to copy and distribute copyrighted works such as "art" (e.g., Thomas Kincaid's painting "Dawn in Los Gatos") and characters (e.g., Mickey Mouse). With such license, a licensee need not fear a claim of copyright infringement brought by the licensor. AcademiaImage:Criminal law authorized reprint.jpg A book published in the U.S. and its licensed Chinese reprint (for sale in Mainland China only) A licence is an academic degree in many European universities which is approximately equivalent to a master's degree. Originally, in order to teach at a university, one needed this degree which, according to its title, gave the bearer a license to teach. The name survived despite the fact that nowadays doctorate is typically needed in order to teach at a university. A person who holds a licence is called a licentiate. Currently, a licence is a middle-level degree between a master's degree and a doctorate, and is a popular choice in those countries where a "true" Phd would take prohibitively long to achieve. In some countries, i.e. Poland or France, a licence is achieved before the master's degree (it takes 3 years of studies to become licentiate and additional 2 years to become master). See also
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