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A journalist is a person who practices journalism, the gathering and dissemination of information about current events, trends, issues and people.
Reporters are one type of journalist. They create reports as a profession for broadcast or publication in mass media such as newspapers, television, radio, magazines, documentary film, and the Internet. Reporters find the sources for their work, their reports can be either spoken or written, and they are generally expected to report in the most objective and unbiased way to serve the public good.
A Cameraman-Reporter during a MINUSTAH mission in 2007
In the early 19th century, journalist simply meant someone who wrote for journals, such as Charles Dickens in his early career. In the past century it has come to mean a writer for newspapers and magazines as well.
Many people consider journalist interchangeable with reporter, a person who gathers information and creates a written report or story. However, this overlooks many other types of journalists, including columnists, leader writers, photographers, editorial designers, and sub-editors (British) or copy editors (American). The only major distinction is that designers, writers and art directors who work exclusively on advertising material - that is, material in which the content is shaped by the person buying the ad, rather than the publication - are not considered journalists.
Regardless of medium, the term journalist carries a connotation or expectation of professionalism in reporting, with consideration for truth, fairness, balance, decency and ethics - although standards can vary widely between publications. Some mass-market newspapers make no pretence of impartiality, though, in countries such as the UK, they generally adhere to an industry-wide code of conduct -- such as maintaining truthfulness. Some editors argue that lack of bias is impossible to achieve, so it is, in fact, more honest to adopt an editorial opinion while ensuring material is factually accurate
18th-century journalists
Joseph Addison - wrote many of the finest pieces in Steele's publications (1713-1714), The Monitor (1714), The Manufacturer (1719-21), The Commentator (1720) and The Director (1720-1721)
Daniel Defoe - as editor of the Review, he can claim to have invented many of the most popular formats, including the eye-witness report, the travel piece and the strongly opinionated column. Defoe's Review began publication on February 19, 1704, and lasted until June 11, 1713. He was also involved in several other periodicals, including The Master Mercury (1704), Mercator: or, Commerce Retrieved
Richard Steele - founded and edited London-based periodicals including The Guardian and The Spectator in the early 1700s.
Albert Camus (1913-1960) - member of the French Resistance cell Combat, which published an underground newspaper of the same name, became the editor in 1943.
Margaret Lally "Ma" Murray (1908-1982)- editor and co-publisher of the outspoken and colourful backcountry newspaper, the Bridge River-Lillooet News and, later, the Alaska Highway News
David Brinkley, television anchor and interview show host on the American networks ABC and NBC
John Wilson journalist (1940 - ), Born Colac, Victoria, Australia. Journalist (The Age), (The Sydney Morning Herald), (Townsville Daily Bulletin), (National Times), (Queensland Times), (Ballarat Courier), (Daily Mirror - Sydney), (Channel Nine - Melbourne/Brisbane), (New Idea), (Brisbane Telegraph). Wrote under the name John Steed in New Zealand (The Dominion), (Sunday Times). Was Editor of ComputerNews (www.netspace.net.au/~johnw).
Tom Brokaw, television journalist and former anchor and managing editor of The NBC Nightly News with Tom Brokaw
Brian Williams, succeeded Brokaw as managing editor and anchor of The NBC Nightly News
Charlie Bird, successful Irish journalist for RTÉ.
Internet-only journalists
In recent years the numbers of journalists publishing only on the Internet, as opposed to print or broadcast journalists whose work also appears online, has grown enormously. Some of the best-known include:
Matt Drudge - Probably the first famous Internet-only journalist, for his work around scandals of the Clinton administration in the United States.
There are many examples of journalists who made their mark writing fiction or other non-journalism, including:
Collin Brooks (1893 - 1959) journalist, broadcaster, writer, produced over 50 assorted books ranging from economics and legal issues to novels and detective fiction
Anthony Burgess, who wrote vast quantities of reviews and was famously fired as literary critic of the Yorkshire Post
Amanda Craig, who writes satirical novels about English society
The explosion of modern media, including the creation of Internet-based news sources and the possibility that citizen journalism will greatly expand the field, has made it all but impossible to identify which journalists are notable, in the sense that they could be identified in the past. The global justice protests in Seattle (1999) gave rise to the independent media movement, exemplified by the Indymedia Media Center network, a collective of independent media organizations and hundreds of journalists offering grassroots, non-corporate coverage. Indymedia is a democratic media outlet for the creation of progressive, accurate, and passionate tellings of truth.
Most journalists in the USA adhere to the standards and norms expressed in the Society of Professional Journalistsethical code.[1] Foremost in the minds of most practicing journalists is the issue of maintaining credibility, "Professional integrity is the cornerstone of a journalist's credibility." See Preamble
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