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The prince was brought up in France, where, recognised by King Louis XIV of France as the rightful heir to the English and Scottish thrones, he became the focus for the Jacobite movement. On his father's death in 1701, he was declared King, with the title of James III of England and VIII of Scotland and recognised as such by France, Spain, the Papal States and Modena. All of these states refused to recognise King William III, Queen Mary II or Queen Anne as the legitimate British sovereign. Having been delayed in France by an attack of measles, James attempted an invasion, with an unsuccessful attempt to land at the Firth of Forth on 23 March 1708, but his French ships were driven back by the fleet of Admiral Sir George Byng. Had he renounced his Roman Catholic faith, he might have succeeded to the throne after the death of his half-sister Anne, but he refused to do so. As a result, in 1714, a German Protestant became King George I of Great Britain. French forces were defeated, and King Louis XIV of France was forced to accept peace with England and her allies. He signed the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 that, amongst other conditions, required him to expel James from France.
Image:Tomb of Stuart in the Vatican.jpg Tomb of James Francis Edward Stuart On 3 September 1719, James Francis Edward Stuart married Maria Clementina Sobieska (1702–35), granddaughter of the Polish king, John III Sobieski. They had two sons:
Following James's failure, attention turned to his handsome and charismatic son, "Bonnie Prince Charlie", whose rebellion of 1745 came closer to success than his father's. With the failure of this second rebellion, however, the Stuart hopes of regaining the British throne were effectively destroyed. James died in Rome on 1 January 1766, and is buried in St. Peter's Basilica at the Vatican. Ancestors
See also
Edward VIII (1910-1936) · George V (1901-1910)· Edward VII (1841-1901) · George IV (1762-1820) · Prince Frederick (1727-1751) · George II (1714-1727) · The Old Pretender (1688-1689) · Charles II (1630-1649) · Charles James (1629) · Charles I (1612-1625) · Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales (1603-1612) · Edward VI (1537-1547) · Edward Tudor (1536) · Henry Tudor (1534) · Henry Tudor (1514) · Henry Tudor (1511) · Henry VIII (1502-1509) · Arthur, Prince of Wales (1486-1502) · Edward of Middleham (1483-1484) · Edward V (1470-1483) · Edward of Westminster (1453-1471) · Henry VI (1421-1422) · Henry V (1399-1413) · Richard II (1376-1377) · Edward, the Black Prince (1337-1376) Edward VIII (1910-1936) · George V (1901-1910) · Edward VII (1841-1901) · George IV (1762-1820) · Prince Frederick (1727-1751) · George II (1714-1727) · The Old Pretender (1688-1689) · Charles II (1630-1649) · Charles James (1629) · Charles I (1612-1625) · Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales (1603-1612) · James VI (1566-1567) · James (1540-1541) · James V (1512-1513) · Arthur (1509-1510) · James (1507-1508) · James IV (1473-1488) · James III (1452-1460) · James II (1430-1437) · Alexander (1430) · James I (1402-1406) · David (1398-1402) es:Jacobo Francisco Estuardo fr:Jacques François Stuart nl:Jacobus Frans Edward Stuart ja:ジェームズ・フランシス・エドワード・ステュアート no:James Francis Edward Stuart pl:Jakub Franciszek Edward Stuart pt:James Francis Edward Stuart ru:Иаков III (претендент) sv:Jakob Edvard Stuart
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