Ischaemic (or ischemic) heart disease is a disease characterized by reduced blood supply to the heart. It is the most common cause of death in most western countries.
Ischaemia means a "reduced blood supply". The coronary arteries supply blood to the heart muscle and no alternative blood supply exists, so a blockage in the coronary arteries reduces the supply of blood to heart muscle.
Initially there is sudden severe narrowing or a closure of either the large coronary arteries and/or of coronary artery end branches by debris showering downstream in the flowing blood. It is usually felt as angina, especially if a large area is affected.
The narrowing or closure is predominantly caused by the covering of atheromatous plaques within the wall of the artery rupturing, in turn leading to a heart attack (Heart attacks caused by just artery narrowing are rare).
A heart attack causes damage to heart muscle by cutting off its blood supply.
Avoid trans-fats - these are found in any chemically modified fat product, such as margarine, in hydrogenated fats, and especially in superheated fats (such as those used for commercial deep frying). These fats are unreactive (not fitting in the enzymes designed for cis-fats) and should not be consumed in any amount; however, in many western countries, limitation may be the only practical option. Some mono-unsaturated fats are beneficial in reducing the risk of heart disease when consumed in moderation. When consumed in excess, however, other health concerns arise. An increase in polyunsaturated fats is also warranted in most American diets. Dietary cholesterol intake is known to have only limited effect on serum cholesterol.
Eat vitamin C - this micronutrient maintains healthy blood vessels (see scurvy), and prevents tears and fissures in the lumen wall that act as condensation nuclei on which the cholesterol molecules aglommerate
Treatment of a heart attack
'The options required depends on the situation'.
Specialised coronary care (the sooner the better); most deaths are due to sudden onset arrhythmias - time is crucial to survival.
Possibly the regular administration of anti-coagulants to prevent further blood clot complications.
Possibly the administration of drugs to reduce heart arrhythmias although they many also induce arrhythmias.
Lifestyle modifications are important in prevention of a second MI; increased exercise, reduction of stress, and improved dietary considerations are perhaps most important
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