Flag of England

Image:FIAV 110000.svg The Flag of England (5:3)

The Flag of England is the St George's Cross. The red cross appeared in as an emblem of England during the Middle Ages and the Crusades and is one of the earliest known emblems representing England. It achieved status as the national flag of England during the 16th century.

Saint George became the patron saint of England in the 13th century, and the legend of Saint George slaying a dragon dates from the 12th century.

Origins

The exact origins of the Flag of England are unclear and have multiple supporting theories; though it is known that the flag appeared during the Middle Ages. It has been recorded that the first known recorded use of the St George's Cross as an emblem (but not as a flag) of England was in a roll of account relating to the Welsh War of 1275.^[1] It seems however that the flag has been initially adopted by England and the City of London in 1190 for their ships entering the Mediterranean sea to benefit from protection of the powerful Genoese fleet. Because of this privilege,the English king payed an annual tribute to the Doge of the Republic of Genoa.

The use of a red cross on a white background was a symbol of St. George in the middle ages. This is seen, for example, in the flag of Georgia, another nation with St. George as patron saint.

At the beginning of the Crusades, St George's red cross on white was already associated with England. Although the pope decided English crusaders would be distinguished by wear a white cross on red, and French crusaders a red cross on white (German knights were allocated yellow and blue), English knights soon decided to claim instead "their" cross of red on white, like the French. As both English and French knights wore this pattern, the red cross on white became the typical crusader symbol regardless of nationality, an indirect result of its English associations.

St George's cross may not have achieved the full status of national flag until the 16^{th century, when all other saints' banners were abandoned during the Reformation. The earliest record of St George's flag at sea, as an English flag in conjunction with royal banners but no other saintly flags, was 1545.[2]}

In recent years the Flag of St George has become increasingly used by the English, particularly at sports events. For example, when England won the football World Cup in 1966, most of the flags waved by supporters were Union Jacks. Now they have largely been supplanted by the English flag.

Proportions

The flag consists of a red cross on a white field with the cross having a width of 1/5 of the height of the flag. The flag proportion is 3:5.

Union

When the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland were united in a personal union under James VI/I, the Cross of Saint George was combined with the Cross of St. Andrew (representing Scotland) to form the original Union Flag (or "Union Jack"). This flag later became the national flag of the Kingdom of Great Britain, and was combined with the flag of St. Patrick (representing Ireland) in 1801, producing the Union Flag of the United Kingdom.

Other uses

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The flag is incorporated in the flag of the Canadian province of Alberta, by way of the coat of arms of the Hudson's Bay Company and the province's arms.

The provincial coats of arms of Manitoba and Ontario also use the Cross of St. George; in each case, the coat of arms is used in the provincial flag. Rumours also suggest the flag of the City of Montreal is derived from the cross as well.

See also

• List of British flags
• Tudor Rose
• St George's Cross

References

Wikipedia information about Flag of England This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Flag of England". It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer). Help contribute to Americola and edit this article.