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February 23 is the 54th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar . There are 311 days remaining, 312 in leap years .
Contents
1 Events 2 Births 3 Deaths 4 Holidays and observances
5 External links
Events 1455 - Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible , the first Western book printed from movable type .
1660 - Charles XI becomes King of Sweden .
1778 - American Revolution : Baron von Steuben arrives at Valley Forge , Pennsylvania to help to train the Continental Army .
1797 - French Forces launch a failed invasion of Britain. See Last Invasion of Britain
1820 - Cato Street Conspiracy : A plot to murder all the British cabinet ministers is exposed.
1830 - Oxford, Ohio , home of Miami University , is incorporated.
1836 - The Siege of the Alamo begins in San Antonio, Texas .
1847 - Mexican-American War : Battle of Buena Vista - In Mexico , American troops defeat Mexican General Antonio López de Santa Anna .
1854 - The official independence of the Orange Free State is declared.
1861 - President -elect Abraham Lincoln arrives secretly in Washington, D.C. , after an assassination attempt in Baltimore, Maryland .
1870 - Military control of Mississippi ends and it is readmitted to the Union .
1874 - Major Walter Clopton Wingfield patents a game called "sphairistike ," now more commonly called lawn tennis .
1883 - Alabama becomes the first U.S. state to enact an antitrust law .
1887 - The French Riviera is hit by a large earthquake , killing around 2,000.
1893 - Rudolf Diesel receives a patent for the diesel engine .
1898 - Émile Zola is imprisoned in France after writing "J'accuse ", a letter accusing the French government of anti-Semitism and wrongfully placing Captain Alfred Dreyfus in jail.
1900 - In South Africa the Boers and British troops fight in the Battle of Hart's Hill .
1903 - Cuba leases Guantanamo Bay to the United States "in perpetuity".
1904 - For $10 million the United States gains control of the Panama Canal Zone.
1905 - Chicago, Illinois attorney Paul Harris and three other businessmen meet for lunch to form the Rotary Club , the world's first service club .
1909 - The Silver Dart makes the first powered flight in Canada and the British Empire .
1917 - First demonstrations in Saint Petersburg , Russia . The beginning of the February Revolution .
1918 - First victory of Red Army over the Kaiser 's German troops near Narva and Pskov . Since 1923 this date become the Day of Red Army in honour of this victory.
1919 - Benito Mussolini forms the Fascist Party in Italy .
1927 - The Federal Radio Commission (later renamed the Federal Communications Commission ) begins to regulate the use of radio frequencies.
1934 - Léopold III becomes King of Belgium .
1940 - World War II : Soviet Union troops conquer Lasi Island .
1941 - Plutonium was first produced and isolated by Dr. Glenn T. Seaborg .
1945 - World War II : During the Battle of Iwo Jima , a group of United States Marines and a commonly forgotten US Navy Corpsman, reach the top of Mount Suribachi on the island and are photographed raising the American flag . The photo would later win a Pulitzer Prize .
1945 - World War II : The capital of the Philippines , Manila , is liberated by American forces.
1945 - World War II : Capitulation of German garrison in Poznań , city is liberated by Soviet and Polish forces.
1945 - World War II : The German town of Pforzheim is completely destroyed by a raid of 379 British bombers.
1947 - International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is founded.
1954 - The first mass vaccination of children against polio begins in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania .
1955 - First meeting of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO ).
1955 - Edgar Faure becomes Prime Minister of France .
1957 - The founding congress of the Senegalese Popular Bloc is opened in Dakar .
1958 - Cuban rebels kidnap 5-time world driving champion Juan Manuel Fangio .
1966 - A military coup in Syria replaces the previous government .
1974 - The Symbionese Liberation Army demands $4 million more to release kidnap victim Patty Hearst .
1975 - In response to the energy crisis , daylight saving time commences nearly two months early in the United States .
1980 - Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini states that Iran 's parliament would decide the fate of the American embassy hostages.
1981 - 23-F , Antonio Tejero attempts a coup d'état by capturing the Spanish Congress of Deputies .
1983 - The Spanish Socialist government of Felipe González and Miguel Boyer nationalizes Rumasa , a holding of José María Ruiz Mateos .
1983 - The Environmental Protection Agency announces its intent to buy out and evacuate the dioxin -contaminated community of Times Beach, Missouri .
1987 - A supernova is seen in the Large Magellanic Cloud (see Supernova 1987a ).
1991 - Gulf War : Ground troops cross the Saudi Arabia border and enter Iraq , thus starting the ground-phase of the war.
1991 - In Thailand , General Sunthorn Kongsompong leads a bloodless coup d'état , deposing Prime Minister Chatichai Choonhavan .
1992 - The Socialist Labour Party is founded in Georgia .
1995 - The Dow Jones Industrial Average gains 30.28 to close at 4,003.33, closing above 4,000 for the first time .
1997 - A large fire occurs in the Russian Space station , Mir .
1998 - Kissimmee Tornado Outbreak : Tornadoes in central Florida destroy or damage 2,600 structures and kill 42.
1998 - Osama bin Laden publishes a fatwa declaring jihad against all Jews and Crusaders .
1999 - Kurdish rebel leader Abdullah Öcalan is charged with treason in Ankara , Turkey .
1999 - An avalanche destroys the Austrian village of Galtür , killing 31.
2005 - Slovakia Summit 2005 begins, marking the first occasion when a sitting American President visits Slovakia ; Bush and Putin are in attendance.
2005 - Vote of the controversial French law on colonialism , repealed start of 2006.
2006 - Dubai Ports World agrees to postpone its plans to take over management of six U.S. ports after the proposal ignited harsh bipartisan criticism on Capitol Hill .
2007 - Japan launches its fourth spy satellite , stepping up its ability to monitor potential threats such as North Korea .
2007 - A train derails on an evening express service near Grayrigg , Cumbria , United Kingdom , killing one person and injuring 22. This results in hundreds of points being checked over the UK after a few similar accidents.
Births 1417 - Pope Paul II (d. 1471 )
1583 - Jean-Baptiste Morin , French scientist (d. 1656 )
1633 - Samuel Pepys , English naval administrator and man of letters, posthumously famous as a diarist (d. 1703 )
1646 - Tokugawa Tsunayoshi , Japanese shogun (d. 1709 )
1648 - Arabella Churchill , English mistress of James II of England (d. 1730 )
1680 - Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville , French colonizer and Governor of Louisiana (d. 1767 )
1685 - Georg Friedrich Handel , German/British Baroque composer (d. 1759 )
1688 - Queen Ulrika Eleonora of Sweden (d. 1741 )
1723 - Richard Price , Welsh philosopher (d. 1791 )
1729 - Josiah Hornblower , American statesman (d. 1809 )
1743 - Mayer Amschel Rothschild , German-born banker (d. 1812 )
1840 - Carl Menger , Austrian economist (d. 1921 )
1842 - Karl Robert Eduard von Hartmann , German philosopher (d. 1906 )
1850 - César Ritz , Swiss hotelier (d. 1918 )
1868 - W.E.B. DuBois , American civil rights leader (d. 1963 )
1873 - Liang Qichao , Chinese scholar (d. 1929 )
1874 - Konstantin Päts , Estonian president (d. 1956 )
1878 - Kazimir Malevich , Ukrainian painter and art theorist (d. 1935 )
1883 - Karl Jaspers , German philosopher (d. 1969 )
1889 - Musidora , French actress and director (d. 1957 )
1889 - Victor Fleming , American director (d. 1949 )
1899 - Erich Kästner , German writer (d. 1974 )
1899 - Norman Taurog , American film director (d. 1981 )
1901 - Edgar Ende , German painter (d. 1965 )
1904 - William L. Shirer , American historian (d. 1993 )
1904 - Terence Fisher , English film director (d. 1980 )
1904 - Leopold Trepper , Soviet spy (d. 1982 )
1908 - William McMahon , twentieth Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1988 )
1914 - Theofiel Middelkamp , Dutch cyclist (d. 2005 )
1915 - Jon Hall , American actor (d. 1979 )
1915 - Paul Tibbets , American pilot
1918 - Richard G. Butler , American fascist (d. 2004 )
1920 - Paul Gérin-Lajoie , French Canadian politician
1923 - Rafael Addiego Bruno , Uruguayan politician
1924 - Allan McLeod Cormack , South-African born physicist, Nobel laureate (d. 1998 )
1924 - Claude Sautet , French film director (d. 2000 )
1928 - Vasili Lazarev , cosmonaut (d. 1990 )
1932 - Majel Barrett , American actress
1937 - Tom Osborne , American football coach and politician
1938 - Diane Varsi , American actress (d. 1992 )
1940 - Peter Fonda , American actor
1941 - Ron Hunt , baseball player
1943 - Fred Biletnikoff , American football player and coach
1944 - Johnny Winter , American musician
1944 - Bernard Cornwell , English historical novelist
1945 - Allan Boesak , South African activist
1946 - Rusty Young , American country-rock guitarist (Poco )
1949 - Marc Garneau , French Canadian astronaut
1950 - Maxi , Irish singer and radio personality
1951 - Ed Jones , American football player
1951 - Patricia Richardson , American actress
1952 - Brad Whitford , American musician (Aerosmith )
1954 - Viktor Yushchenko , President of Ukraine
1955 - Tom Bodett , American voice actor, radio personality, and writer
1955 - Howard Jones , British pop singer
1958 - Tony Barrell , English writer and journalist
1958 - David Sylvian , English musician
1959 - Richard Dodds , British field hockey player
1960 - Alan Griffin , Australian politician and member for Bruce in the House of Representatives
1960 - Naruhito , Crown Prince of Japan
1962 - Michael Wilton , American musician (Queensrÿche )
1963 - Bobby Bonilla , former baseball player
1963 - Radosław Sikorski , Polish politician
1964 - John Norum , Norweigan guitarist
1965 - Kristin Davis , American actress
1965 - Michael Dell , American computer manufacturer
1965 - Helena Suková , former Czech tennis player
1965 - Veronica Webb , American supermodel and actress
1969 - Marc Wauters , Belgian cyclist
1970 - Niecy Nash , American actress
1970 - Marie-Josée Croze , French Canadian actress
1971 - Melinda Messenger , English television presenter
1971 - Don Maxwell , Canadian cricketer
1971 - Jeong Chan , South Korean actor
1972 - Steve Holy , American country singer
1972 - Rondell White , American baseball player
1973 - André Tanneberger , German DJ
1973 - Jack Case , American artist
1974 - Jaime Villarreal , Mexican musician
1974 - Leko , American DJ
1975 - Michael Cornacchia , American actor
1975 - Robert Lopez , American composer
1976 - Kelly Macdonald , British actress
1977 - Kristina Šmigun , Estonian cross-country skier
1978 - Dan Snyder , Canadian hockey player (d. 2003 )
1981 - Gareth Barry , English footballer
1981 - Charles Tillman , American football player
1982 - Austin Ryan Fuentes , American heir
1983 - Mido , Egyptian footballer
1986 - Holly Brook , American musician
1986 - Kamenashi Kazuya , Japanese idol (member of KAT-TUN )
1989 - Evan Bates , American ice dancer
1993 - Jake Scaduto , American hero
1994 - Dakota Fanning , American child actress
Deaths 1100 - Emperor Zhezong of China (b. 1076 )
1270 - Saint Isabel of France , daughter of Louis VIII of France (b. 1225 )
1447 - Pope Eugene IV (b. 1383 )
1447 - Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester (b. 1390 )
1464 - Zhengtong , Emperor of China (b. 1427 )
1526 - Diego Colón , Spanish Viceroy of the Indies
1554 - Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Suffolk , English politician (executed) (bc. 1515 )
1572 - Pierre Certon , French composer
1603 - Andrea Cesalpino , Italian philosopher, physician, and botanist (b. 1519 )
1669 - Leo Aitzema , Dutch historian and statesman (b. 1600 )
1704 - Georg Muffat , French composer (b. 1653 )
1730 - Pope Benedict XIII (b. 1649 )
1766 - Stanislaw Leszczynski , King of Poland (b. 1677 )
1781 - George Taylor , American signer of the Declaration of Independence (bc. 1716 )
1792 - Joshua Reynolds , English painter (b. 1723 )
1800 - Joseph Warton , English literary critic (b. 1722 )
1821 - John Keats , English poet (b. 1795 )
1848 - John Quincy Adams , 6th President of the United States (b. 1767 )
1855 - Carl Friedrich Gauss , German mathematician, astronomer, and physicist (b. 1777 )
1879 - Albrecht Graf von Roon , Prime Minister of Prussia (b. 1803 )
1897 - Woldemar Bargiel , German composer (b. 1828 )
1908 - Johannes Friedrich August von Esmarch , German surgeon (b. 1823 )
1922 - Albert Victor Bäcklund , Swedish physicist (b. 1845 )
1930 - Horst Wessel , Nazi ideologue and composer (b. 1907 )
1931 - Nellie Melba , Australian opera soprano (b. 1861 )
1934 - Edward Elgar , English composer (b. 1857 )
1937 - Victim 7 of the Cleveland Torso Murderer
1946 - Tomoyuki Yamashita , Japanese general (hanged) (b. 1885 )
1948 - John Robert Gregg , Irish-born publisher and inventor (b. 1866 )
1955 - Paul Claudel , French poet and playwright (b. 1868 ).
1957 - Marika Ninou , Greek singer (b. 1918 )
1965 - Stan Laurel , British born actor and comedian (b. 1890 )
1969 - King Saud of Saudi Arabia (b. 1902 )
1973 - Dickinson W. Richards , American physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1895 )
1974 - Harry Ruby , American composer and writer (b. 1895 )
1976 - LS Lowry , English artist (b. 1887 )
1979 - W.A.C. Bennett , Canadian politician (b. 1900 )
1983 - Herbert Howells , English composer (b. 1892 )
1990 - José Napoleón Duarte , President of El Salvador (b. 1925 )
1995 - Melvin Franklin , American singer (The Temptations ) (b. 1942 )
1995 - James Herriot , English writer (b. 1916 )
1997 - Tony Williams , American jazz drummer (b. 1945 )
1999 - Carlos Hathcock , USMC Sniper, 93 Confirmed Kills (b. 1942 )
2000 - Ofra Haza , Israeli singer (b. 1957 )
2000 - Stanley Matthews , English footballer (b. 1915 )
2001 - Robert Enrico , French film director and screenwriter (b. 1931 )
2003 - Robert K. Merton , American sociologist (b. 1910 )
2003 - Howie Epstein , American bass guitarist (Tom Petty & the Heartbreakers) (b. 1955 )
2004 - Vijay Anand , Indian film director (b. 1934 )
2004 - Carl Anderson , American singer (b. 1945 )
2004 - Sikander Bakht , Governor of Kerala (b. 1918 )
2004 - Don Cornell , American singer (b. 1919 )
2004 - Carl Liscombe , Canadian hockey player (b. 1915 )
2006 - Benno Besson , Swiss actor and film director (b. 1922 )
2006 - Telmo Zarraonaindía , Spanish footballer (b. 1921 )
2007 - John Ritchie , British footballer (b. 1941 )
Holidays and observances Liturgical feasts
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