Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (novel)

Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas: A Savage Journey to the Heart of the American Dream is a novel by Hunter S. Thompson, illustrated by Ralph Steadman. The story follows its protagonist, Raoul Duke, and his attorney, Dr. Gonzo, as they descend on Las Vegas to chase the American Dream through a drug-induced haze. The novel first appeared as a two-part series in Rolling Stone magazine in 1971.

Plot summary

Journalist Raoul Duke and attorney Dr. Gonzo travel to Las Vegas in 1971 to cover a motorcycle race for a sports magazine and enjoy a haphazardly planned vacation. The vacation turns highly irresponsible and reckless as the two consume copious amounts of illegal drugs, commit various acts of fraud, and generally wreak mayhem upon the citizens of Las Vegas.

Set in Las Vegas (a symbol of both American consumerism and tourism) during the height of the Vietnam War and the closing of the 1960s counter-cultural movement, Duke and Gonzo find themselves as outsiders in a unique position to analyze the present state of America and chase down the “American Dream”.

Origins

The book is a largely fictionalized account of Thompson's actual trip to Las Vegas around the same time period. Thompson was to cover the Mint 400 motocross race for Sports Illustrated magazine in 1971, for which he was contracted to write photo captions. Coincidentally, he was also commissioned by Rolling Stone to cover a Las Vegas narcotics law-enforcement convention.

Thompson had been writing an expose for Rolling Stone on the 1970 killing of the Mexican-American television journalist Ruben Salazar, who had been shot in the head at close range with a tear gas canister fired by officers of the Los Angeles Police Department during the National Chicano Moratorium March against the Vietnam War. One of Thompson's sources for the story was Oscar Zeta Acosta, a prominent Mexican-American activist and attorney. Finding it difficult for a Hispanic to talk openly to a white reporter in L.A.'s tense atmosphere, Thompson and Acosta decided that Las Vegas would be a more comfortable place to work on the story. Thompson later wrote the majority of Fear and Loathing in a hotel room in Arcadia, California during his spare time while he finished writing the Salazar story for Rolling Stone (which was published as Strange Rumblings in Aztlan on April 29, 1971).^[1]

What was intended as a 250-word photo-captioning job/road trip snowballed into a novel-length feature for Rolling Stone magazine in November 1971. Although Rolling Stone publisher Jann Wenner was expecting a story on the Las Vegas narcotics convention, Thompson later wrote that "[Wenner liked] the first 20 or so jangled pages enough to take it seriously on its own terms and tentatively scheduled it for publication -- which gave me the push I needed to keep working on it." He had first submitted the 2,500 word manuscript to Sports Illustrated, which was, as he later wrote, "aggressively rejected."^[2]

The text was eventually published as Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas. The novel was heralded as "by far the best book yet on the decade of dope" by the New York Times^[3] and a "scorching epochal sensation" by author Tom Wolfe.

In the book The Great Shark Hunt, Thompson refers to Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas as "a failed experiment in gonzo journalism," a guerrilla style of reporting that Thompson championed and publicized throughout his career. He called it a "failed" experiment because he originally intended to record all the details of his trip to Las Vegas as they happened, and then publish the raw, unedited notes. However, the novel ultimately underwent numerous revisions during the summer of 1971. Thompson's idea of Gonzo journalism was based on William Faulkner's idea that "the best fiction is far more true than any kind of journalism — and the best journalists know this," it blends storytelling, fiction, and traditional journalism.

As is true with most of Thompson’s writing, most of the book is based on actual events although the details are altered to such a degree that the work can easily be considered fiction. For example, the novel describes Duke attending both the motorcycle race and the narcotics convention within a few days time. In real life, both events did indeed take place in Las Vegas in 1971, although they took place over a month apart.^[4].

Major themes

The book was an attempt to place the radical activism and drug culture of the 1960s into the context of what was the mainstream American experience at the time. It explores the idea that 1971 was a turning point in hippie and drug culture in America, when the countercultural movement no longer had momentum and its innocence and optimism of the late 1960s turned to cynicism.

Throughout the novel, the main characters go out of their way to degrade, abuse, and destroy symbols of American consumerism and excess. Much of Las Vegas is used to symbolize the ugliness of mainstream American culture, to which the characters give little respect. In the DVD commentary of his film version of the novel, Director Terry Gilliam characterizes these actions as a theme of anarchism.

Some have suggested that the book's themes resemble those of The Great Gatsby, which deals with the state of the American Dream and the lives of the rich and careless. Others have surmised that the white Cadillac Journalist Raoul Duke drives (referred to as the "White Whale" in the book) is an allusion to the white whale in Moby Dick, symbolically representative of good and evil and a metaphor for elements of life that are out of people's control.

The "wave speech"

The "wave speech" is an important passage that appears about a third of the way through the novel, at the end of the eighth chapter (although the same "speech" is given toward the middle of the film version of Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas). Thompson considered the "wave speech" to be "probably the finest thing I've ever written." It tries to capture the zeitgeist of the hippie era, and the way it came to an end.

Title

Since the republication of Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas in stand-alone book form, it has become Thompson's most famous work, and the piece of literature most often associated with the title Fear and Loathing; subsequently, the term has become colloquial shorthand for the book's full title. However, Thompson would later use the phrase "Fear and Loathing" as the prefaced title of many other published essays and books.

Some have said it likely that Thompson borrowed the actual phrase from a 1918 translation by Louise and Aylmer Maude of Leo Tolstoy's Anna Karenina, which on page 183 reads 'his father, his governess and his nurse all not only disliked Vronsky, but regarded him with fear and loathing, though they said nothing about him, while his mother regarded him as her best friend.'

Thompson himself first used the phrase in a letter to a friend written in the immediate aftermath of the Kennedy assassination, describing how he felt about whoever had shot President John F. Kennedy.

Douglas Brinkley, Thompson's literary curator and editor of the "Fear and Loathing Letters" series, however notes that Hunter Thompson took over Kierkegaard's phrase 'fear and trembling' from the work of that name^{[citation needed]}.

See also

• Where The Buffalo Roam

References

1. ^ [1]
2. ^ Thompson, Hunter (1979). The Great Shark Hunt: Strange Tales from a Strange Time, 1st ed., Summit Books, 105-109. ISBN 0-671-40046-0. 
3. ^ Woods, Crawford (July 23, 1972) [2] The New York Times Book Review
4. ^ [3]

5. In the Simpsons episode Viva Ned Flanders, Homer and Ned Flanders travel together to Las Vegas, on the way passing Dr. Gonzo and Raoul Duke driving the red shark.

Editions

• ISBN 0-679-78589-2 (paperback, 1999)
• ISBN 0-679-60298-4

Wikipedia information about Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (novel) This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (novel)". It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer). Help contribute to Americola and edit this article.