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The Ems (German Ems; Dutch: Eems) is a river in northwestern Germany and northeastern Netherlands. It runs through the states of North Rhine-Westphalia and Lower Saxony and forms the state border between the Lower-Saxonian area of East Friesland (Germany) and the province of Groningen (Netherlands). Its total length is 371 km. River courseThe source of the river is in the southern Teutoburg Forest in North Rhine-Westphalia. In Lower Saxony the brook becomes a comparatively large river. Here the swampy region of Emsland is named after the river. In Meppen the Ems is joined by its largest tributary, the Hase river. It then flows northwards, close to the Dutch border, into East Frisia. Near Emden it flows into the Dutch Dollard bay (a National Park) and then continues as a tidal river towards the Dutch city of Delfzijl.
Past Delfzijl, the Ems discharges into the Wadden Sea, part of the North Sea. The two straits that separate the German island of Borkum from its neighbours Rottumeroog (Netherlands) and Memmert (Germany) continue the name "Ems", as they are called Westere(e)ms and Osterems (West and East Ems). TourismThe Ems is accompanied and crossed by different long-distance bicycle routes: Cities and municipalities at the EmsImage:Ems Telgte.jpg Ems near Telgte Image:Ems Wasserfall Hanekenfaehr.jpg Ems near Lingen Image:Meppen ems.jpg Ems in Meppen
Tributaries of the EmsThe Ems in HistoryThe Ems was known to several ancient authors: Pliny the Elder in Natural History (4.14), Tacitus in the Annals (Book 1), Pomponius Mela (3.3), Strabo and Ptolemy, Geography (2.10). Ptolemy's name for it was the Amisios potamos, and in Latin Amisius fluvius. The others used the same, or Amisia, or Amasia, or Amasios. The identification is certain, as it always is listed between the Rhine and the Weser, and was the only river leading to the Teutoburg Forest.
Surrounding the river for most of its length, however, were swamps, bogs and marshes. The Romans found they had no place to stand, could not pick the most favorable ground, because there was none, and could not in general follow the strategies and tactics developed by the Roman army. They were stopped at the Battle of Teutoburg Forest, 9 AD, and were checked again 6 years later. The Ems became a road leading nowhere for them, nor were they ever able to bridge the swamps satisfactorily with causeways. Construction of canals in more modern times connected the Ems to other waterways, opening it as a highway of industrial transportation.
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