Electropop

Electropop (also called Technopop) is a form of synth pop music that is made with synthesizers, and which first flourished from 1978 to 1981. Electropop laid the groundwork for a mass market in chart-oriented synthpop, but later became seen by musicologists^{[citation needed]} as merely a subgenre of synthpop. Numerous bands have since carried on the electropop tradition into the 1990s and 2000s.

Electropop is different from synthpop because it is often characterised by a cold, robotic, electronic sound, which was largely due to the early limitations of the analog synthesizers used to make the music. The alienated deadpan lyrics usually have a science-fiction edge to them, and do not use the "boy meets girl, boy loses girl" theme that was so common among mass-market chart-topping new wave synthpop from about 1981 onwards.

Most electropop songs are pop songs at heart, often with simple, catchy hooks and dance beats, but differing from those of electronic dance music genres which electropop helped to inspire — techno, dub, house, electroclash, etc. — in that strong songwriting is emphasized over simple danceability.

History

(Early electropop should not be confused with the early disco-synth hits of 1978-1980, such as Blondie's "Heart of Glass", Sparks's "No.1 in Heaven", and M's "Pop Muzik".)

Almost all early electropop artists were English, and were inspired by innovative artists such as Thomas Brown and the Bowie/Eno 'Berlin' albums Heroes and Low, and also by the German pioneers Kraftwerk, Neu!, Cluster, and CAN (all of whom had been heavily influenced by The Beatles' Tomorrow Never Knows). There were also influences from the band Suicide in the USA, and from about 1981 from the innovative Japanese trio Yellow Magic Orchestra.

There had been a long history of experimental avant-garde electronic music, notably in northern continental Europe, but this only marginally influenced some British artists such as Mike Oldfield (Tubular Bells) who cannot be seen as electropop pioneers. The influence of avant-garde electronic music in the UK on electropop was largely one of giving access to a huge bank of technical expertise built up over decades, via organisations such as the BBC Radiophonic Workshops, and the London Electronic Music Studios which was patronised by early rock synth pioneers such as Brian Eno, Roxy Music, Tangerine Dream, and Pink Floyd. Many early electropop artists also chose to record in West Berlin.

Electropop was strongly disparaged in the British music press of the late 1970s and early 1980s as the "Adolf Hitler Memorial Space Patrol" (Mick Farren, exemplifying the suspicions of left-wing journalists). The New Musical Express once went so far as to print a two-page photomontage showing the band Kraftwerk on the podium of the Nuremberg Rally. Slightly later, many British bands chose names from Nazi nomenclature, such as New Order, A Certain Ratio, and Joy Division, due to the influence of the Die Junge Wilden movement then current in German music.

Electropop later fed into, and its synthesiser sound became intertwined with, the British New Romantic movement of the early 80s. Early electropop laid the groundwork for acceptance of later electronic acid/rave and progressive dance music, which appeared from New Order's seminal 1983 "Blue Monday" single. Within ten years of electropop's 'death' around 1982, the cultural meaning of its 'blips and beeps' had been shorn of the taint of modernism, and firmly attached to rave culture's neo-romantic 'nostalgia for the archaic'.

Electropop - notably the mid-career work of Kraftwerk and the first single by The Human League ("Being Boiled", 45rpm)- was extensively plundered to create the early hip-hop sound in the USA.

Electropop later fed into the synthpop and electroclash movements of the 1990s and beyond, and underwent a revival at the end of the 1990s (witness the Random tribute album to Gary Numan) with electroclash, which arose out of the staleness and exhaustion of the commercialised rave/house music scene.

Notable electropop musicians

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1960s

• Bruce Haack (continued recording into 1970s, 1980s)

1970s

• Kraftwerk (continued recording into 1980s, gap during 1990s, reappeared in 2000s)
• Ultravox with John Foxx (Foxx later left for a solo career in electropop).
• The Normal ("Warm Leatherette"/"TVOD", 1978)
• Fad Gadget
• Thomas Leer ("Private Plane", 1978)
• The Human League (continued recording into 1980s, 1990s, 2000s)
• Gary Numan (continued recording into 2000s)
• Throbbing Gristle ("Hot on the Heels of Love", 1979)
• Bill Nelson ("Furniture Music", 1979)
• Yellow Magic Orchestra (continued recording into 1980s, 1990s)
• Telex (continued recording into 1980s, gap during 1990s, reappeared in 2000s)

Seeing the success of the pioneers, many bands moved into synthesizer-based pop, such as:

• Japan (continued recording into 1980s)
• New Musik (1979-1982)
• M
• Sparks (US Band that moved to the UK, still recording today)
• Space (French band)

1980s

• A Flock of Seagulls
• Blancmange
• Bronski Beat
• Buggles
• China Crisis
• Communards
• Depeche Mode (continued recording into 1990s, 2000s)
• Thomas Dolby (continued recording into 1990s, 2000s)
• Duran Duran (continued recording into 1990s, 2000s)
• Erasure (continued recording into 1990s, 2000s)
• Eurythmics (continued recording into 1990s, 2000s)
• John Foxx (continued recording into 1990s, 2000s)
• Heaven 17 (continued recording into 1990s)
• Howard Jones (continued recording into 1990s)
• Human League (continued recording into 1990s, 2000s)
• Norman Iceberg (continued recording into 1990s, 2000s)
• Men Without Hats (continued recording into 1990s, 2000s)
• Modern Talking (continued recording into 1990s, 2000s)
• New Order (continued recording into 1990s, 2000s)
• Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark (continued recording into 1990s)
• Pet Shop Boys (continued recording into 1990s, 2000s)
• Red Flag(continued recording into 1990s, 2000s)
• Rational Youth (continued recording into 1990s)
• Soft Cell (re-emerged with a one-off album in 2002)
• Talk Talk
• Tears for Fears (continued recording into 1990s, 2000s)
• Thompson Twins
• Yello (continued recording into 1990s, 2000s)
• Yazoo (Yaz in the U.S.)
• Fad Gadget
• Visage

1990s

• Air (continued recording into 2000s)
• Fey (continued recording into 2000s)
• Joy Electric (continued recording into 2000s)
• Kylie Minogue (continued recording into 2000s)
• Madonna (continued recording into 2000s)
• Orgy (continued recording into 2000s)
• Placebo (continued recording into 2000s)
• Röyksopp (continued recording into 2000s)
• Sneaker Pimps
• Télépopmusik (continued recording into 2000s)

2000s

• Alice in Videoland
• Annie
• Belanova
• The Bravery
• The Capricorns
• Camille Davila
• CSS
• Captain Ahab
• Cherry Bikini
• Cut Copy
• Dragonette
• Ebon
• Electrosexual
• The Faint
• Fischerspooner
• Freezepop
• Frou Frou
• Futuro
• Girls Aloud ¹
• Goldfrapp (Black Cherry and Supernature)
• Gravemachine
• Gravy Train!!!!
• Hellogoodbye
• Hilary Duff ^{2 3}
• Hot Chip
• Humming Urban Stereo
• I Am The World Trade Center
• I SATELLITE
• Imogen Heap
• Junior Boys
• Kylie Minogue (Kylie Minogue, Impossible Princess, Light Years, Fever)
• The Knife
• Ladytron
• Lo-Fi-Fnk
• M83
• Madonna (The First Album, Like a Virgin, Music, American Life and Confessions On A Dancefloor)
• Maxx Klaxon
• Matinée Club
• Metric
• Motormark
• The Mystic Underground
• Pnau
• Printed Circuit
• The Postal Service
• The Presets
• Protocol
• Red Flag
• Regina
• Rachel Stevens ^{4 5}
• Réplica
• Robots in Disguise
• Sam La More
• She Wants Revenge
• Shiny Toy Guns
• Sneaky Sound System
• Storybox
• Tonite Only
• Theatre of Tragedy
• The Ultrasonics
• The Unicorns
• Vive la Fête
• White Rose Movement

Further reading

• Q/Mojo magazine collaboration Depeche Mode & The Story of Electro-Pop - is a 124-page history published in 2005. It uses a Depeche Mode cover as the 'hook' to get people to buy it, but actually covers the history of early electropop in great depth.

• Electronic Music: The Instruments, the Music & The Musicians by Andy Mackay, of Roxy Music (Harrow House, 1981)

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