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Districts of Germany
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German districts (Kreise) are administrative units in Germany. The districts are at an intermediate level of administration between the Länder (German states) and the local / municipal levels (Gemeinden). Not to be confused with the larger Regierungsbezirk.
Contents
- 1 Types of district
- 2 Responsibilities
- 3 District parliament
- 4 District administration
- 5 See also
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Types of district
The majority of the districts are
rural districts,
Landkreise, of which there are 323. Cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants (and in some
Länder smaller towns) do not usually belong to a district but take over district responsibilities themselves - similar to the concept of
independent cities These are known as
urban districts (
Kreisfreie Städte /
Stadtkreise) - cities which constitute a district in their own right, and there are currently (
2004) 116 of them, bringing the total number of districts to 439. In
North Rhine-Westphalia, there are some cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants which are not urban districts, for example
Iserlohn, Recklinghausen, Siegen, Paderborn, Bergisch Gladbach, Witten and
Neuss. These cities, however, take over many district responsibilities themselves although belonging to a district. As an exception, the former rural and urban districts of
Hanover (
Hannover) in
Lower Saxony have been united in 2001 to form the new
Region Hannover with about 1,000,000 inhabitants.
Responsibilities
The districts are responsible for the following:
- according to federal and regional laws:
- the building and upkeep of B roads
- other building plans which cover more than one local authority's area
- caring for national parks
- social welfare
- youth welfare
- the building and upkeep of hospitals
- the building and upkeep of state institutes of secondary education
- household waste collection and disposal
- car registration
- electing the Landrat or Landrätin, the chairperson of the district
- according to local laws: (differ in each region)
- financial support for culture
- the building of pedestrian zones and bicycle lanes
- financial support for school exchanges
- the building and upkeep of public libraries
- revitalisation of the economy
- encouraging tourism
- the management of Volkshochschulen (state run adult education colleges)
All these tasks are carried out by local (municipal) authorities operating together. Urban districts have these responsibilities and also those of the municipalities.
District parliament
The district parliament, the Kreistag, is the legislative body of the district and is responsible for local self-administration. The parliament is elected directly every five years, except in Bavaria where it is elected every six years.
District administration
The executive authority is an officer known as
Landrat or
Landrätin, who administers the district. In northern Germany, this is also the name of the district administration, in southern Germany it is known as
Kreisverwaltung.
See also
es:Distritos de Alemania
fr:Landkreis
it:Distretti della Germania
nl:Landkreis
no:Landkreis
sr:Немачки дистрикти
uk:Ляндкрайз
