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Chemical compound
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A chemical compound is a chemical substance consisting of two or more different chemically bonded chemical elements, with a fixed ratio determining the composition. The ratio of each element is usually expressed by chemical formula. For example, water (H2O) is a compound consisting of two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen atom.
The atoms within a compound can be held together by a variety of interactions, ranging from covalent bonds to electrostatic forces in ionic bonds. A continuum of bond polarities exist between the purely covalent bond (as in H2) and ionic bonds. For example H2O is held together by polar covalent bonds. Sodium chloride is an example of an ionic compound.
Contents
- 1 Formulas
- 2 Phases and thermal properties
- 3 CAS number
- 4 References
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Formulas
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Chemists describe compounds using formula in various formats. For molecules, the formula for the molecular unit is shown. For
polymeric materials, such as
minerals and many
metal oxides, the empirical formula is given, e.g. NaCl for
table salt. The order of the elements in molecular and empirical formulas is C, then H and then alphabetical.
Trifluoroacetic acid is thus described as C
2HF
3O
2. More descriptive formulas convey structure information, illustrated again with trifluoroacetic acid. CF
3CO
2H. On the other hand, formulas for
inorganic compounds often do not convey structural information, as illustrated by H
2SO
4 for a molecule that has no H-S bonds. A more descriptive presentation would be O
2S(OH)
2.
Phases and thermal properties
Compounds may have several possible phases. All compounds can exist as solids, at least at low enough temperatures. Molecular compounds may also exist as liquids, gases, and, in some cases, even plasmas. All compounds decompose upon applying heat. The temperature at which such fragmentation occurs is often called the decomposition temperature. Decomposition temperatures are not sharp and depend on the rate of heating. At sufficiently high temperatures, all compounds, either after they have decomposed somehow or in the act of decomposing, fragment into smaller compounds or to individual atoms.
CAS number
Every chemical compound that has been described in the literature carries a unique numerical identifier, its CAS number.
References
ar:مركب كيميائي
bn:যৌগিক পদার্থ
bs:Hemijski spojevi
ca:Compost químic
cs:Chemická sloučenina
da:Kemisk forbindelse
de:Chemische Verbindung
et:Keemiline aine
es:Compuesto químico
eo:Kemia kombinaĵo
fo:Evnasambinding
fr:Composé chimique
gl:Composto
ko:화합물
hr:Kemijski spojevi
io:Kemiala kompozito
id:Senyawa kimia
is:Efnasamband
it:Composto chimico
he:תרכובת
jbo:xukmi veljmina
hu:Vegyület
mk:Хемиско соединение
ms:Sebatian kimia
nl:Chemische verbinding
ja:化合物
no:Kjemisk forbindelse
nn:Kjemisk sambinding
nds:Cheemsch Verbinnen
pl:Związek chemiczny
pt:Composto químico
qu:T'inkisqa
ru:Химическое соединение
ru-sib:Химическа соспарка
simple:Chemical compound
sk:Chemická zlúčenina
sl:Spojina
sr:Хемијско једињење
sh:Hemijsko jedinjenje
su:Sanyawa kimia
fi:Yhdiste
sv:Kemisk förening
tl:Kompuwesto
th:สารประกอบเคมี
vi:Hợp chất
tr:Bileşik
uk:Хімічна сполука
zh:化合物