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The Cape Colony of the future South Africa was established by the Dutch East India Company (not by the Netherlands, as is often mistakenly presumed) in 1652, with the founding of Cape Town. It was subsequently occupied in 1795, and finally taken in 1806 by the British - the period immediately before and during the Napoleonic Wars. It was coextensive with the later Cape Province, stretching from the Atlantic coast inland and eastward along the southern coast, constituting about half of modern South Africa: the final eastern boundary, after several wars against the Xhosa, stood at the Fish River. In the north, the Orange River, also known as the Gariep River, served for a long time as the boundary, although some land between the river and the southern boundary of Botswana was later added to it.
History
The local Khoikhoi had neither a strong political organization nor an economic base beyond their herds. They bartered livestock freely to Dutch ships. As Company employees established farms to supply the Cape station, they began to displace the Khoikhoi. Conflicts led to the consolidation of European landholdings and a breakdown of Khoikhoi society. Military success led to even greater Dutch control of the Khoikhoi by the 1670s. The Khoikhoi became the chief source of colonial wage labor. The colony also imported slaves. Slavery set the tone for relations between the emergent and ostensibly "white" Afrikaner population and the "coloreds" of other races. Free or not, the latter were eventually identified with slave peoples. After the first settlers spread out around the Company station, nomadic white livestock farmers, or Trekboers, moved more widely afield, leaving the richer, but limited, farming lands of the coast for the drier interior tableland. There they contested still wider groups of Khoikhoi cattel herders for the best grazing lands. Again the Khoikhoi lost. By 1700, their way of life was destroyed.
The history of Cape Colony started in 1652 with the founding of Cape Town by Dutch commander Jan van Riebeeck, working for the Dutch East India Company, known in Dutch as the "Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie" (VOC). Napoléon occupied the Seven Provinces of the Netherlands in 1795, or the mother country of the Dutch East India Company. This prompted Great Britain to occupy the territory in 1795 as a tactic in the Napoleonic Wars. The Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie transferred its territories and claims to the Batavian Republic in 1798 and ceased to exist in 1799. Improving relations between Great Britain and Napoleonic France, and its vassal state the Batavian Republic, led the British to hand Cape Colony over to the Batavian Republic in 1803 (under the terms of the Treaty of Amiens). In 1806, the Cape, now nominally controlled by the Batavian Republic, was occupied again by the British in the Battle of Blaauwberg. The temporary peace between Britain and Napoleonic France had crumbled into open hostilities, whilst Napoleon had been strengthening his influence on the Batavian Republic (which Napoleon would subsequently abolish later the same year). The British hoped to keep Napoleon out of the Cape, and to control the Far East trade routes. They set up a British colony on 8 January, 1806. Cape Colony remained under British rule until the formation of the Union of South Africa in 1910, when it became the Cape of Good Hope Province, better known as the Cape Province. Governors of the Cape Colony (1652-1910)The title of the founder of the Cape Colony, Jan van Riebeeck, was "Commander of the Cape" (initially called "opperhoof"), a position which he held from 1652 to 1662. He was succeeded by a long line of both Dutch and British colonial administrators, depending on who was in power at the time: Commanders of Dutch East India Company colony (1652-1691)
Governors of Dutch East India Company colony (1691-1795)
British colony (1st time, 1797-1803)
Batavian Republic (Dutch) colony (1803-1806)
British colony (2nd time, 1806-1910)
The post of High Commissioner for Southern Africa was also held from 27 January 1847 to 31 May 1910 by the Governor of the Cape Colony. The post of Governor of the Cape Colony became extinct on 31 May 1910, when it joined the Union of South Africa. Prime Ministers of the Cape Colony (1872-1910)
The post of prime minister of the Cape Colony also became extinct on 31 May 1910, when it joined the Union of South Africa. References
Legend
Latin America and the Caribbean
ca:Colònia del Cap de:Kapkolonie es:Colonia del Cabo fr:Colonie du Cap it:Colonia del Capo he:מושבת הכף nl:Nederlandse Kaapkolonie pl:Kolonia Przylądkowa pt:Colónia do Cabo fi:Kapmaa sv:Kapkolonin uk:Капська колонія
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