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BBC One (styled BBC1 until 1997) is the most watched domestic television channel of the British Broadcasting Corporation. Launched as the BBC Television Service on 2 November 1936, the channel was the world's first regular, public, high-definition television broadcasting service, though the BBC had been broadcasting television in a variety of formats since 1929.[1] It is currently 'Channel of the Year'.[2] The station held a monopoly on television broadcasting in the United Kingdom until the first ITV station was launched in 1955. The channel remains one of the principal television channels in the United Kingdom and provides 2,508 annual hours of news and weather, 1,880 hours of factual and learning, 1,036 hours of drama, 672 hours of children's, 670 hours of sport, 654 hours of film, 433 hours of entertainment, 159 hours of current affairs, 92 hours of religion and 82 hours of music and arts.[3]
HistoryImage:Alexandra Palace mast.JPG The transmission mast above the BBC wing of Alexandra Palace, home of BBC One from 1936 until the early 1950s, photographed in 2001.
The BBC began its own regular television programming from the basement of Broadcasting House, London on 22 August 1932. The studio moved to expanded quarters at 16 Portland Place, London, in February 1934, and continued broadcasting the 30-line images, carried by telephone line to the medium wave transmitter at Brookmans Park, until 11 September 1935, by which time advances in all-electronic television systems made the electromechanical broadcasts obsolete. After a series of test transmissions and special broadcasts that began in August, regular BBC television broadcasts officially resumed on 2 November 1936, from a converted wing of Alexandra Palace in London, housing two studios, various scenery stores, make-up areas, dressing rooms, offices, and even the transmitter itself, now broadcasting on the VHF band. BBC television initially used two systems, on alternate weeks: the 240-line Baird system and the 405-line Marconi-EMI system, each making the BBC the world's first regular high-definition television service. The two systems were to run on a trial basis for six months. However, the Baird system, which used a mechanical camera for filmed programming and Farnsworth image dissector cameras for live programming, proved too cumbersome and visually inferior, and was dropped in February 1937. Initially, the station's range was officially only within a twenty-five mile (40 km) radius of the Alexandra Palace transmitter—in practice, however, transmissions could be picked up a good deal further away, and on one occasion in 1938 were picked up by engineers at RCA in New York, who were experimenting with a British television set.[4]
BBC television returned on 7 June 1946 at 3pm. Jasmine Bligh, one of the original announcers, made the first announcement saying, 'Good afternoon everybody. How are you? Do you remember me, Jasmine Bligh?' The Mickey Mouse cartoon of 1939 was repeated twenty minutes later.[5] Image:Dummy emitron camera.JPG An Emitron camera, of the type used to make the earliest 405-line programmes broadcast on the channel. This particular example is a dummy constructed for the 1986 BBC drama Fools On The Hill, which depicted the early days of the station. Postwar broadcast coverage extended to Birmingham in 1949 with the opening of the Sutton Coldfield television transmitter, and by the early 1950s the entire country was covered. Alexandra Palace was the home base of the channel until the early 1950s when the majority of production moved to the Lime Grove Studios, and then in 1960 the headquarters moved to the purpose-built BBC Television Centre at White City, also in London, where the channel is based to this day. The station was renamed BBC1 when BBC2 was launched in April 1964. On 15 November 1969, simultaneous with ITV and two years after BBC2, the channel began 625-line PAL colour programming. Stereo transmissions began in 1988, and wide-screen programming was introduced on digital platforms in 1998. However, many of these developments took some years to become available on all transmitters. For the first half-century of its existence, with the exception of films and imported programmes from countries such as the United States and Australia, almost all the channel's output was produced by the BBC's in-house production departments. This changed following the Broadcasting Act 1990, which required that 25% of the BBC's television output be out-sourced to independent production companies. As of 2004 many popular BBC One shows are made for the channel by independents, but the in-house production departments continue to contribute heavily to the schedule. ProgrammingBBC One is more mainstream than its sister station BBC Two and generally gets higher ratings, competing with ITV1 as the most-viewed terrestrial channel in the UK. The BBC's main sport and news programmes have their homes here, as does CBBC (the output aimed at younger viewers), mainstream drama and comedy programming, film premieres and documentaries. Programmes generally found to have been popular on other BBC channels tend to be moved to prime time slots on BBC One for either new series or to be repeated. Notable examples have included Match of the Day, Have I Got News For You, The Kumars at No. 42, and The Apprentice. DaytimeDaytime programming begins again at 9:15, with the One O'clock News intervening, and consists of a mix of lifestyle shows and repeats, as well as the first showing of Neighbours. From 3.25pm until 5.35pm, the channel is used for CBBC. There is a repeat of Neighbours afterwards, just before the Six O'clock News. Weekend schedules are more flexible. NewsWeekday regular news programmes are the One O'clock News, Six O'clock News and the Ten O'clock News. The Six lasts half an hour and is followed by a half-hour regional news show (the main presenters returning for a few seconds at the end) while the others last twenty minutes are followed by ten-minute update programmes. The station broadcasts continuously, broadcasting BBC News 24 from the early hours in the morning until 6:00 when BBC Breakfast starts. PeakThe evening schedule comprises a mixture of soap (EastEnders), drama series (Holby City), comedy, drama serials, consumer issues (Watchdog and the Holiday programme), political discussions (Question Time, This Week), current affairs (Panorama, Crimewatch), documentaries (One Life). Just over 50% of this programming is made by the BBC, the rest purchased from independent production companies. On-screen identityBBC One's identity has been symbolised by a globe for most of its existence. Originally in 1962 this was represented as a map of the UK shown between programmes, but in 1963 the globe first appeared, changing in style and appearance over the next 39 years.
Each of the outgoing 'Rhythm & Movement' idents were shown at 01:10 BST on 7 October on BBC One, as a final farewell (the "last dance") prior to BBC One joining BBC News 24 for the night. Instead of the globe, a clock was sometimes displayed (usually before the news). This disappeared, along with the balloon, in 2002. The use of on-screen clocks has been largely discontinued in recent years, as the delays introduced by the various forms of modern television transmission (e.g. digital encoding and decoding, transmission delays in sending a signal to a geosynchronous satellite and back to the viewer, etc.) mean that there can be several seconds' variation between analogue terrestrial, digital terrestrial, and digital satellite reception. For schools programmes, there was a diamond used from the early 1970s until 1977. From 1977 to 1983, the BBC1 'Schools And Colleges' dots were used; every few seconds, a dot would disappear until all 20 dots had gone, and then the programme would start. Schools programmes moved to BBC2 in 1983. Various special idents have been used over the years at Christmas, with a new one each year except 2003, when that of 2002 was reused. Network variationsImage:Bbconescotlandidentnew.jpg An example of the BBC One Scotland variation on the current national theme. To reflect the countries within the United Kingdom that the channel is available in, BBC One has individual continuity and opt-outs for Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The channel's visual identity is largely the same as the UK version, save for the inclusion of the country name below the main BBC One logo. In the English regions,[7] the BBC has regional news and current affairs programme opt-outs as well as a limited amount of countinuity for the English regions. During such regional opt-outs, the region name is displayed as with the national variations, in smaller characters beneath the main channel logo. A generic news programme, UK Today, available mainly to digital viewers but also shown in the case of problems with regional news programmes was discontinued in 2002 - the replacement transmission is now BBC London News. BBC One Scotland has undoubtedly the greatest level of variation from the generic network, owing to BBC Scotland scheduling Scottish programming on the main BBC Scotland channel, rather than on BBC Two. BBC One Scotland variations include the soap opera River City and the football programme Sportscene, the inclusion of which causes network programming to be displaced or replaced. BBC One Wales was considered a separate channel by the BBC upon its launch in the mid-1960s, appearing as "BBC Wales" (without the "1")[8] . Channel Controllers
Of the Controllers, only Grade and Fincham had never previously worked for the BBC prior to taking the position. References
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