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August 31 is the 243rd day of the year in the
Gregorian calendar (244th in leap years), with 122 days remaining.
Contents
1 Events 2 Births 3 Deaths 4 Holidays and observances 5 External links
Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora dies suddenly without children to succeed the throne , ending the Macedonian dynasty .
1864 - American Civil War : Union forces led by General William T. Sherman launch an assault on Atlanta, Georgia .
1876 - Ottoman sultan Murat V is deposed and succeeded by his brother Abd-ul-Hamid II .
1886 - Earthquake kills 100 in Charleston, South Carolina .
1888 - Mary Ann Nichols is murdered. She is the first of Jack the Ripper 's known victims.
1895 - John Brallier is paid US$ 10 plus expenses to play football for the Latrobe, Pennsylvania YMCA , making him the first professional football player.
1897 - Thomas Edison patents the Kinetoscope , the first movie projector.
1907 - England , Russia and France form the Triple Entente alliance .
1914 - Ecuador becomes a signatory to the Buenos Aires copyright treaty .
1915 - Brazil becomes a signatory to the Buenos Aires copyright treaty .
1915 - Jimmy Lavender of the Chicago Cubs pitches a no hitter against the New York Giants .
1920 - Polish-Bolshevik War : A decisive Polish victory in the Battle of Komarów .
1920 - First news radio program broadcast in Detroit , Michigan .
1939 - Nazi Germany mounts a staged attack on Gleiwitz radio station , giving them an excuse to attack Poland the following day, starting World War II in Europe .
1942 - in Ternopil , western Ukraine , at 4.30 am, German SS organise the first deportation of Jews from Ternopil ghetto to death camp in Belzec , about 5,000 Jews were deported to face death in Belzec . When the Germans captured Ternopil , about 18,000 Jews lived in the city.
1943 - The USS Harmon , the first U.S. Navy ship to be named for a black person, is commissioned.
1945 - The Liberal Party of Australia is founded by Robert Menzies .
1948 - Actor Robert Mitchum was arrested in a Hollywood drug raid. He would later be found guilty of criminal conspiracy to possess marijuana and was sentenced to 60 days in prison.
1957 - The Federation of Malaya gains its independence from the United Kingdom .
1962 - Trinidad and Tobago become independent.
1963 - Walter Cronkite began his stint as anchor of the "CBS Evening News."
1965 - The Aero Spacelines Super Guppy Aircraft makes its first flight.
1978 - William and Emily Harris , founders of the Symbionese Liberation Army , plead guilty to the 1974 kidnapping of newspaper heiress Patricia Hearst .
1980 - The Solidarity trade union is formed in Poland .
1986 - An Aeroméxico Douglas DC-9 collides with a Piper PA-28 over Cerritos , California , killing 67 in the air and 15 on the ground.
1986 - The Soviet passenger liner Admiral Nakhimov Black Sea after colliding with the bulk carrier Pyotr Vasev 1991 - Kyrgyzstan declares its independence from the Soviet Union .
1992 - Pascal Lissouba is inaugurated as the President of the Republic of the Congo .
1994 - The Provisional Irish Republican Army declares a ceasefire .
1997 - Diana , Princess of Wales , dies in a car crash in Paris .
1998 - North Korea reportedly launchs Kwangmyongsong satellite .
1999 - The first of a series of Russian Apartment Bombings in Moscow , killing one person and wounding 40 others.
1999 - A LAPA Boeing 737 -200 crashes during takeoff from Jorge Newbury Airport in Buenos Aires , killing 65, including 2 on the ground.
2005 - A stampede on Al-Aaimmah bridge in Baghdad kills 1,199 people.
2006 - Stolen on August 22 , 2004 , Edvard Munch 's famous painting The Scream was recovered from a raid by Norwegian police. The paintings were said to be in a better-than-expected condition.
Births 12 - Gaius Caligula , Roman Emperor (d. 41 )
161 - Commodus , Roman Emperor (d. 192 )
1569 - Jahangir , Mughal Emperor of India (d. 1627 )
1663 - Guillaume Amontons , French physicist and instrument maker (d. 1705 )
1721 - George Hervey, 2nd Earl of Bristol , British statesman (d. 1775 )
1811 - Theophile Gautier , French poet and novelist (d. 1872 )
1821 - Hermann von Helmholtz , German physician (d. 1894 )
1822 - Galusha A. Grow , Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (d. 1907 )
1834 - Amilcare Ponchielli , Italian composer (d. 1886 )
1843 - Georg von Hertling , Chancellor of Germany (d. 1919 )
1870 - Maria Montessori , Italian educator (d. 1952 )
1871 - James E. Ferguson , Texan governor (d. 1944 )
1878 - Frank Jarvis , American athlete (d. 1933 )
1879 - Alma Mahler , wife of Mahler , Gropius and Werfel (d. 1964 )
1880 - Wilhelmina I of the Netherlands (d. 1962 )
1885 - DuBose Heyward , American playwright (d. 1940 )
1896 - Félix-Antoine Savard , French-Canadian priest and novelist (d. 1982 )
1897 - Fredric March , American actor (d. 1975 )
1903 - Arthur Godfrey , American television host (d. 1983 )
1905 - Sanford Meisner , American actor and teacher (d. 1997 )
1907 - Ramon Magsaysay , President of the Philippines (d. 1957 )
1907 - William Shawn , American editor (d. 1992 )
1908 - William Saroyan , American novelist (d. 1981 )
1913 - Sir Bernard Lovell , British radio astronomer
1914 - Richard Basehart , American actor (d. 1984 )
1916 - Daniel Schorr , American journalist
1918 - Alan Jay Lerner , American lyricist (d. 1986 )
1919 - Amrita Preetam , Indian poetess and author (d. 2005 )
1924 - Buddy Hackett , American actor and comedian (d. 2003 )
1928 - James Coburn , American actor (d. 2002 )
1931 - Noble Willingham , American actor (d. 2004 )
1931 - Jean Béliveau , Canadian hockey player
1934 - Nikos Xanthopoulos , Greek actor
1935 - Frank Robinson , baseball player and manager
1935 - Eldridge Cleaver , American political activist (d. 1998 )
1937 - Warren Berlinger , American actor
1937 - Bobby Parker , American blues musician /guitarist
1938 - Martin Bell , British journalist
1939 - Jerry Allison , American drummer (The Crickets )
1941 - William DeWitt, Jr. , American businessman
1944 - Roger Dean , British artist
1945 - Van Morrison , Irish musician
1945 - Itzhak Perlman , Israeli violinist
1948 - Lowell Ganz , American screenwriter
1948 - Rudolf Schenker , German guitarist (Scorpions )
1949 - Richard Gere , American actor
1949 - H. David Politzer , American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
1953 - György Károly , Hungarian author
1954 - Caroline Cossey , English model
1955 - Edwin Moses , American athlete
1956 - Masashi Tashiro , Japanese television performer
1957 - Gina Schock , American drummer (The Go-Go's )
1957 - Glenn Tilbrook , British musician (Squeeze )
1960 - Hassan Nasrallah , leader of Hizballah
1960 - Chris Whitley , American musician (d. 2005 )
1962 - Dee Bradley Baker , American voice actor
1963 - Sonny Silooy , Dutch football player
1963 - Reb Beach , American guitarist (Winger , Whitesnake )
1963 - Michael Lewis , Welsh poet
1964 - Raymond P. Hammond , American poet, critic and editor of the New York Quarterly magazine
1968 - Todd Carty , British actor
1968 - Hideo Nomo , baseball pitcher
1970 - Deborah Gibson , American singer
1970 - Zack Ward , Canadian actor
1970 - Rania , Queen of Jordan ; wife of Abdullah II
1972 - Chris Tucker , American actor
1973 - Scott Niedermayer , hockey player
1975 - Daniel Harding , British conductor
1975 - Sara Ramirez , American actress
1976 - Travis Christopher , American artist
1976 - Radek Martinek , Czechoslovakian ice hockey player
1977 - Jeff Hardy , professional wrestler
1977 - Ian Harte , Irish footballer
1977 - Craig Nicholls , Australian musician (The Vines )
1978 - Phina Oruche , British actress
1979 - Clay Hensley , professional baseball player
1979 - Mickie James , American professional wrestler
1980 - Joe Budden , American rapper
1981 - Joe Swanberg , American filmmaker
1981 - 40 Cal , American rapper
1981 - Dwayne Peel , Welsh International Rugby Player
1982 - Ian Crocker , American swimmer
1982 - Chris Duhon , American basketball player
1982 - Alexei Mikhnov , Ukrainian-born ice hockey player
1982 - Jose Reina , Spanish footballer
1982 - Michele Rugolo , Italian racing driver
1983 - Larry Fitzgerald , American football player
1986 - Jonathan Copping , English footballer Darlington record goal scorer (6)
1987 - Petros Kravaritis , Greek footballer
1988 - Megan McCauley , American singer
1988 - Michael McLaurin , Amazing Fisherman
1991 - King Pominator , Awesome gamer
Deaths 651 - Saint Aidan of Lindisfarne , Irish bishop and missionary
1056 - Theodora , Byzantine Empress (b. 981 )
1234 - Emperor Go-Horikawa of Japan (b. 1212 )
1372 - Ralph Stafford, 1st Earl of Stafford , English soldier (b. 1301 )
1422 - King Henry V of England (b. 1387 )
1645 - Francesco Bracciolini , Italian poet (b. 1566 )
1654 - Ole Worm , Danish physician (b. 1588 )
1688 - John Bunyan , English writer (b. 1628 )
1730 - Gottfried Finger , Czech composer (b. 1660 ?)
1741 - Johann Gottlieb Heineccius , German jurist (b. 1681 )
1772 - William Borlase , English naturalist (b. 1695 )
1782 - George Croghan , American colonist
1795 - François-André Danican Philidor , French chess player (b. 1726 )
1799 - Nicolas-Henri Jardin , French architect (b. 1720 )
1814 - Arthur Phillip , British admiral, first Governor of New South Wales (b. 1738 )
1867 - Charles Baudelaire , French poet (b. 1821 )
1888 - Mary Ann "Polly" Nichols , widely believed to be the first victim of Jack the Ripper (b. 1845 )
1920 - Wilhelm Wundt , German psychologist (b. 1832 )
1941 - Marina Tsvetaeva , Russian poet (b. 1892 )
1952 - Henri Bourassa , French Canadian political leader (b. 1868 )
1963 - Georges Braque , French painter (b. 1882 )
1967 - Ilya Ehrenburg , Russian writer (b. 1891 )
1969 - Rocky Marciano , American boxer (b. 1923 )
1973 - John Ford , American film director (b. 1894 )
1974 - William Pershing Benedict , American pilot
1974 - Norman Kirk , New Zealand prime minister (b. 1923 )
1978 - John Wrathall , President of Rhodesia (b. 1913 )
1979 - Sally Rand , American dancer and actress (b. 1904 )
1985 - Frank Macfarlane Burnet , Australian biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1899 )
1986 - Henry Moore , English sculptor (b. 1898 )
1986 - Urho Kekkonen , President of Finland (b. 1900 )
1997 - Diana, Princess of Wales (b. 1961 )
1997 - Dodi Fayed , Egyptian-born film producer (b. 1955 )
2002 - Lionel Hampton , American vibraphone player (b. 1908 )
2002 - George Porter , English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1920 )
2004 - Carl Wayne , English singer (b. 1943 )
2005 - Joseph Rotblat , Polish-British physicist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1908 )
2005 - Michael Sheard , British actor (b. 1940 )
2006 - Mohamed Abdelwahab , Egyptian footballer (b. 1983 )
Holidays and observances
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