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Anglo-Scottish border
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The Anglo-Scottish border runs for 96 kilometres (60 miles) between the River Tweed on the east coast and the Solway Firth in the west. It is Scotland's only land border, and England shares a longer border with Wales.
Although it had long been the de facto border, it was legally established in 1237, by the Treaty of York between England and Scotland[1], with the exception of a small area around Berwick, which was taken by England in 1482. It is thus one of the oldest extant borders in the world, although Berwick was only fully annexed by England by the Wales and Berwick Act 1746.
For centuries the
Border country on either side of the boundary was an area of mixed allegiances, where borders families or clans switched which country or side they supported as suited their family interests at that particular time, and lawlessness abounded.
Border Reivers were notorious for raiding without favour to either country.
Even after the Union, the Border continues to form the boundary of two legal states. As guaranteed by the Treaty of Union, of 1707, England & Wales and Scotland continue to constitute discrete jurisdictions in public and in private international law.[2]
The marine boundary was set for fisheries purposes by the Scottish Adjacent Waters Boundaries Order 1999 so that the boundary within the territorial waters (up to the 12-mile limit) is 0.09 km north of the boundary for oil installations established by the Civil Jurisdiction (Offshore Activities) Order 1987.[3] It has been claimed that this means that several hundred square miles of maritime territory were lost by Scotland,[citation needed] using a statutory instrument by the UK Parliament (voted on in committee and not in the house), shortly after Scots voted for devolution.
Contents
- 1 References in popular culture
- 2 List of places on the border, or strongly associated with it
- 2.1 On the border
- 2.2 England
- 2.2.1 Cumbria
- 2.2.2 Northumberland
- 2.3 Scotland
- 2.3.1 Dumfries and Galloway
- 2.3.2 Borders
- 3 Controversial territories
- 4 References
- 5 Further reading
- 6 See also
- 7 External links
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References in popular culture
Image:Hadrian's wall at Greenhead Lough.jpg Sections of Hadrian's Wall remain near Greenhead and along the route, though other large sections have been dismantled over the years to use the stones for various nearby construction projects.
Hadrian's Wall, for centuries the boundary between Britannia (modern England and Wales) and unconquered Caledonia (modern Scotland) is often used as a popular reference to the border, especially in humourous contexts. Hadrian's Wall actually lies to the south of the modern border, entirely in England.
Scots often refer to England euphimistically, as 'South of the Border', even in serious media. Conversely, English people sometimes refer to Scotland as 'North of the Border'.
List of places on the border, or strongly associated with it
On the border
England
Scotland
Controversial territories
The Debatable lands and Berwick-upon-Tweed are possibly the most controversial parts of the Border.[citation needed] Berwickshire for example is in Scotland, and Berwick in England. Berwick only became properly annexed to Northumberland in the 19th century. Wendy Wood for example, moved the border signs to the middle of the River Tweed.
References
- ^ National Archives, retrieved 3 April 2007
- ^ pdf file "For the purposes of the English conflict of laws, every country in the world which is not part of England and Wales is a foreign country and its foreign laws. This means that not only totally foreign independent countries such as France or Russia... are foreign countries but also British Colonies such as the Falkland Islands. Moreover, the other parts of the United Kingdom - Scotland and Northern Ireland - are foreign countries for present purposes, as are the other British Islands, the Isle of Man, Jersey and Guernsey." Conflict of Laws, JG Collier, Fellow of Trinity Hall and lecturer in Law, University of Cambridge
- ^ Scottish Parliament – Official Report 26 April 2000
Further reading
- Northern England or Southern Scotland ? The Anglo-Scottish Border in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries and the Problem of Perspective, Dr Bill Aird, in eds. J.C. Appleby & P. Dalton, Government, Religion and Society in Northern England, 1000-1700 (Stroud, 1997), pp. 27-39
See also
