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EffectsDiscriminationAgeism commonly refers towards negative discriminatory practices, regardless of the age towards which it is applied. The following terms are subsidiary forms of ageism:
Ageism is said to lead towards the development of fears towards age groups, particularly:
EmploymentDiscrimination Against Younger WorkersLike race and gender discrimination, age discrimination, at least when it affects younger workers, can result in unequal pay for equal work. Unlike race and gender discrimination, age discrimination in wages is often enshrined in law. For example, in both the United States[7] and the United Kingdom[8] minimum wage laws allow for employers to pay lower wages to young workers. Many state and local minimum wage laws mirror such an age-based tiered minimum wage. Outside of the law, older workers, on average, make more than younger workers do. Firms may be afraid to offer older workers lower wages than younger workers. Labor regulations also limit the age at which someone is allowed to work and how many hours and under what conditions they may work. In the United States you must generally be 14 to seek a job, and face additional restrictions on your work until 16.[9] Many companies refuse to hire workers under 18. Discrimination Against Older WorkersWhile older workers benefit from higher wages than younger workers they face barriers in promotions and hiring. They may also encourage early retirement or layoff disproportionately older/more experienced workers. Age discrimination in hiring has been shown to exist in the United States. Joanna Lahey, Economics professor at Texas A&M, found that firms are more than 40% more likely to interview a younger job applicant than an older job applicant.[10] In a survey for the University of Kent, England, 29% of respondents stated that they had suffered from age discrimination. This is a higher proportion than for gender or race discrimination. Dominic Abrams, Social Psychology professor at the University, concluded that ageism is the most pervasive form of prejudice experienced in the UK population.[11] Government responsesIn the US, each state may have its own law governing age discrimination. In California, the California Fair Employment and Housing Act governs age discrimination with respect to persons over the age of 40. The FEHA is the principal California statute prohibiting employment discrimination covering employers, labor organizations, employment agencies, apprenticeship programs and any person or entity who aids, abets, incites, compels, or coerces the doing of a discriminatory act. In addition to Age, it prohibits employment discrimination based on race or color; religion; national origin or ancestry, physical disability; mental disability or medical condition; marital status; sex or sexual orientation; and pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions.[12] The Federal Government governs age discrimination under the Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967. The ADEA prohibits employment discrimination based on age with respect to employees 40 years of age or older as well. The ADEA also addresses the difficulty older workers face in obtaining new employment after being displaced from their jobs, arbitrary age limits.[13] The ADEA applies even if some of the minimum 20 employees are overseas and working for a US corporation.[14] Other countries that have laws addressing ageism include Australia, Denmark, Ireland, and the United Kingdom. Related effortsMany intergenerational and youth programs have been created to address the issue of ageism. Among the advocacy organizations created to challenge age discrimination are:
Related campaigns
Accusations of Ageism
Related articles
References
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