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1918

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Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century
Decades: 1880s  1890s  1900s  - 1910s -  1920s  1930s  1940s

Years: 1915 1916 1917 - 1918 - 1919 1920 1921
1918 by topic:
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v • d • e

1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.

Contents

  • 1 Events
    • 1.1 January
    • 1.2 February
    • 1.3 March
    • 1.4 April
    • 1.5 May
    • 1.6 June
    • 1.7 July
    • 1.8 August
    • 1.9 September
    • 1.10 October
    • 1.11 November
    • 1.12 December
    • 1.13 Undated
    • 1.14 Ongoing events
  • 2 Births
    • 2.1 January
    • 2.2 February
    • 2.3 March
    • 2.4 April
    • 2.5 May
    • 2.6 June
    • 2.7 July
    • 2.8 August
    • 2.9 September
    • 2.10 October
    • 2.11 November
    • 2.12 December
  • 3 Deaths
    • 3.1 January - June
    • 3.2 July - December
  • 4 Nobel prizes

Events

January

  • January 25 - The Ukrainian People declared independence from Bolshevik Russia.
  • January 27 - Breakout of the Finnish Civil War.

February

Image:Nepriklausomybes aktas.gif
February 16: The Act of Independence of Lithuania
  • February 16 - The Council of Lithuania adopts the Act of Independence of Lithuania, declaring Lithuania's independence from the Russian Empire.
  • February 24 - After 7 centuries of foreign rule, Estonia declares its independence from the Russian Empire. The country is occupied by Germany the next day. Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia also declare their independence from the Russian Empire but as the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic.

March

  • March 1 - German submarine U 19 sinks HMS Calgarian off Rathlin Island, Northern Ireland.
  • March 3 - World War I: Germany, Austria and Bolshevist Russia sign the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ending Russia's involvement in the war.
  • March 5 - The Soviet Russia moves its national capital from Petrograd to Moscow
  • March 6 - Finnish Air Force founded. The blue swastika is adopted as its symbol as a tribute to the Swedish explorer and aviator Eric von Rosen who donated the first plane. Von Rosen had painted the Buddhist symbol on the plane as his personal lucky insignia.
  • March 7 - World War I: Finland forms an alliance with Germany.
  • March 12 – Moscow becomes the capital of Soviet Russia.
  • March 19 - The U.S. Congress establishes time zones and approves daylight saving time (DST went into effect on March 31).
  • March 21 - World War I: Second Battle of the Somme begins.
  • March 23 - The giant German cannon, the so called Paris Gun begins to shell Paris from 114 km (75 miles) away.
  • March 23 - In London at the Wood Green Empire, Chung Ling Soo (William E Robinson, US-born magician) dies during his trick where he was supposed to "catch" two separate bullets – one of them perforates his lung. He dies the following morning in hospital.
  • March 23 - The Social Revolutionary Party declares Belarus independent; Bolshevik armies soon crush them.
  • March 25 - for the first time Belarus declares independence.

April

  • April 1 - The Royal Flying Corps and the Royal Naval Air Service are merged to form the Royal Air Force.

May

  • May 1 - German troops enter Don province; they take Rostov May 6.
  • May 2 - General Motors acquires the Chevrolet Motor Company of Delaware.
  • 11 May - The Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus was officially established.
  • May 15 - The Post Office Department (later renamed the USPS) begins the first regular airmail service in the world (between New York City, Philadelphia and Washington, DC).
  • May 16 - The Sedition Act of 1918 is approved by US Congress.
  • May 26 - The Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic is abolished. Georgia declares its independence as the Democratic Republic of Georgia.
  • May 28 - Armenia and Azerbaijan declare their independence as the Democratic Republic of Armenia and the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic respectively.

June

  • June 1 - World War I: Battle for Belleau Wood begins.

July

  • July 3- The Siberian Expedition is launched to extract the Czechoslovak Legion from the Russian civil war.
  • July 4 - Change of emperor of the Ottoman Empire from Mehmed V (Resad) (1909-1918) to Mehmed VI (Vahdettin) (1918-1922).
  • July 9 - Great train wreck of 1918: In Nashville, Tennessee, an inbound local train collides with an outbound express killing 101.
  • July 13 - The National Czechoslovak Committee was established.
  • July 15 - World War I: Second Battle of the Marne - The battle begins near the River Marne with a German attack.
  • July 17 - By order of the Bolshevik Party and carried out by Cheka, Emperor Nicholas II of Russia, his immediate family, and retainers were murdered at the Ipatiev House in Ekaterinburg, Russia.

August

  • August - "Spanish Flu" Influenza becomes pandemic; over twenty-five million people die in the following six months (almost two times as many as died during the war).
  • August 1 - British anti-Bolshevik forces occupy Archangel, Russia. August 10 commander is told to help White Russians.
  • August 1 - Emma Susan Daugherty Banister becomes the first female sheriff in the United States following the death of her husband, John Riley Banister.
  • August 8 - World War I: Battle of Amiens - Canadian troops, backed by Australians, begin a string of almost continuous victories with a push through the German front lines. German General Erich Ludendorff will later call this the "black day of the German army."
  • August 30 - Strike of 20,000 London policemen with demands of increased pay and union recognition.
  • August 30 - Fanya Kaplan tries to shoot Lenin. Petrograd head of Cheka is assassinated the same day.

September

  • September 11 - The Boston Red Sox defeat the Chicago Cubs for the 1918 World Series championship, their last World Series win until 2004.
  • September 28 - Don Voisko adopts a constitution including declaration of independence. Collapse of Imperial Germany makes it void.
  • September 29 - Bulgaria requests an armistice in World War I.

October

  • October 3 - Kaiser makes Max von Baden German chancellor.
  • October 3 - Abdication of King Ferdinand of Bulgaria in the wake of the collapse of the Bulgarian military position in World War I. He is succeeded by his son, Boris III.
  • October 8 - World War I - In the Argonne Forest in France, US Corporal Alvin C. York almost single-handedly kills 25 German soldiers and captures 132.
  • October 18 - The city of Mayagüez, Puerto Rico was nearly destroyed by an earthquake and a tsunami.
  • October 18 - Washington Declaration proclaimed the independent Czechoslovak Republic.
  • October 19 - Boston Red Sox win the World Series.
  • October 25 - The Princess Sophia sinks on Vanderbilt Reef near Juneau, Alaska, 353 people die in the greatest maritime disaster in the Pacific Northwest.
  • October 28 - Czecho-Slovakia declares its independence on Austria-Hungary.
  • October 28 - New Polish government in Western Galicia (Central Europe)
  • October 30 - Martin Declaration was published demanding embodying Slovakia into the forming Czecho-Slovak state.
  • October 30 - Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen declares independence from the Ottoman Empire.
  • October - Mammy Lou becomes the oldest person to ever star in a film, at age 114.

November

  • November 1 - Malbone Street Wreck: the worst rapid transit accident in world history occurs under the intersection of Malbone Street and Flatbush Avenue, Brooklyn, New York City, with at least 93 dead.
  • November 1 - Ruthenia in eastern Czechoslovakia declares brief independence
  • November 3 - World War I: Austria-Hungary enters an armistice with the Allies.
  • November 3 - Poland declares its independence from Russia.
  • November 4 - World War I: Austria-Hungary surrenders to Italy.
  • November 4 - Mutiny in the German fleet at Kiel begin the German Revolution.
  • November 6 - A new Polish government is proclaimed in Lublin.
  • November 8 - German army withdraws its support of the Kaiser
  • November 9 - Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany abdicates and chooses to live in exile in the Netherlands.
  • November 9 - Provisional National Council Minister-President Kurt Eisner declares Bavaria to be a republic.
  • November 11 - World War I ends: Germany signs an armistice agreement with the Allies in a railroad car outside of Compiègne in France.
  • November 11 - Poland regains independence after 123 years of partitions. Józef Piłsudski is appointed Commander-in-Chief.
  • November 11 - Emperor Charles I of Austria gives up his absolute power but does not abdicate.
  • November 12 - Austria becomes a republic.
  • November 14 - Czechoslovakia becomes a republic.
  • November 14 - Józef Piłsudski is appointed head of state of Poland
  • November 16 - Hungary declares independence from Austria
  • November 16 - Hungarian People's Republic declared
  • November 18 - Latvia declares its independence from Russia.
  • November 22 - Bolshevist Russian forces attack Narva in Estonia and establish a socialist republic there (November 29).
  • November 22 - Spartacist League founds German Communist Party
  • November 22 - Belgian royal family returns to Brussels after the war
  • November 26 - the Podgorica Assembly voted for "union of the people", declaring a joining into the Kingdom of Serbia
  • November 28 - Soviet Russia invades Estonia, beginning of Estonian Liberation War.

December

  • December 1 - Iceland becomes a self-governing kingdom, yet remains in personal union with the king of Denmark who also becomes king of the Kingdom of Iceland.
  • December 1 - New voting laws in Sweden: votes no longer dependent on taxable assets; one person, one vote.
  • December 1 - Proclamation of Union of Alba Iulia. Following the March 27 incorporation of Bessarabia and Bucovina, Transylvania unites with Romania.
  • December 1 - The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later known as the Kingdom of Yugoslavia) is proclaimed.
  • December 4 - US President Woodrow Wilson sails for the Paris Peace Conference, becoming the first US president to travel to Europe while in office.
  • December 20 - Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk returned to the Czechoslovak Republic.
  • December 27 - Beginning of Great Poland Uprising, the Poles in Greater Poland (or Grand Duchy of Poznań} rise against the Germans.
  • December 28 - Constance Markiewicz becomes the first woman elected to the British House of Commons.

Undated

  • Habsburg Empire ceases to exist.
  • Grand Duchy of Baden ceases to exist.
  • British occupy Palestine
  • Native American Church is founded.
  • Ernest Ansermet founds the Orchestre de la Suisse Romande.
  • John Riley Banister becomes sheriff of Coleman County, Texas.
  • Association Against the Prohibition Amendment founded to promote repeal of prohibition in U.S.
  • United Business Media founded in London (as United Newspapers Ltd.)

Ongoing events

  • Finnish Civil War between the Reds and the Whites, from January - April.
  • Ethnic cleansing in Turkey:
    • Assyrian Genocide (1914–1922)
    • Armenian Genocide (1915–1918)
    • Pontic Greek Genocide (1916–1923)
  • Katla erupts in Iceland, from 12 October - 4 November.

Births

1918 in other calendars
Gregorian calendar 1918
MCMXVIII
Ab urbe condita 2671
Armenian calendar 1367
ԹՎ ՌՅԿԷ
Bahá'í calendar 74 – 75
Buddhist calendar 2462
Chinese calendar 4554/4614-11-19
(丁巳年十一月十九日)
— to —
4555/4615-11-29
(戊午年十一月廿九日)
Ethiopian calendar 1910 – 1911
Hebrew calendar 5678 – 5679
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat 1973 – 1974
 - Shaka Samvat 1840 – 1841
 - Kali Yuga 5019 – 5020
Holocene calendar 11918
Iranian calendar 1296 – 1297
Islamic calendar 1336 – 1337
Japanese calendar Taishō 7

(大正7年)

 - Imperial Year Kōki 2578
(皇紀2578年)
 - Jōmon Era 11918
Julian calendar 1963
Korean calendar 4251
Thai solar calendar 2461
v • d • e

January

  • January 1 - Patrick Anthony Porteous, Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross (d. 2000)
  • January 10 - Arthur Chung, President of Guyana
  • January 15 - Gamal Abdal Nasser, President of Egypt (d. 1970)
  • January 16 - Nel Benschop, Dutch poet (d. 2005)
  • January 16 - Stirling Silliphant, American writer and producer (d. 1996)
  • January 19 - John H. Johnson, American publisher (d. 2005)
  • January 20 - Esquivel, Mexican musician (d. 2002)
  • January 21 - Richard D. Winters, U.S. Army officer
  • January 23 - Gertrude B. Elion, American scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1999)
  • January 25 - Ernie Harwell, American baseball sportscaster
  • January 26 - Nicolae Ceauşescu, Romanian dictator (d. 1989)
  • January 26 - Philip José Farmer, American writer
  • January 27 - Skitch Henderson, English-born musician and bandleader (d. 2005)
  • January 29 - John Forsythe, American actor

February

  • February 1 - Muriel Spark, Scottish author (d. 2006)
  • February 2 - Hella Haasse, Dutch writer
  • February 3 - Helen Stephens, American runner (d. 1994)
  • February 6 - Lothar-Günther Buchheim, German author (d. 2007)
  • February 7 - Markey Robinson, Irish painter (d. 1999)
  • February 8 - Fred Blassie, American professional wrestler (d. 2003)
  • February 12 - Julian Schwinger, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1994)
  • February 16 - Patty Andrews, American singer (The Andrews Sisters)
  • February 17 - William Bronk, American poet (d. 1999)
  • February 22 - Robert Pershing Wadlow, American record-holder as the tallest man (d. 1940)
  • February 25 - Barney Ewell, American athlete (d. 1996)
  • February 25 - Bobby Riggs, American tennis player (d. 1995)
  • February 26 - Theodore Sturgeon, American writer (d. 1985)

March

  • March 1 - Roger Delgado, British actor (d. 1973)
  • March 1 - João Goulart, President of Brazil (d. 1976)
  • March 3 - Arthur Kornberg, American biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
  • March 3 - Fritz Thiedemann, German equestrian (d. 2000)
  • March 4 - Margaret Osborne duPont, former American female tennis player
  • March 5 - James Tobin, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2002)
  • March 9 - George Lincoln Rockwell, American Nazi leader (d. 1967)
  • March 9 - Mickey Spillane, American writer (d. 2006)
  • March 11 - Jack Coe, American evangelist (d. 1956)
  • March 12 - Elaine de Kooning, American artist (d. 1989)
  • March 16 - Frederick Reines, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1998)
  • March 17 - Mercedes McCambridge, American actress (d. 2004)
  • March 18 - Al Benton, baseball player (d. 1968)
  • March 18 - Bob Broeg, American sports writer (d. 2005)
  • March 22 - Cheddi Jagan, President of Guyana (d. 1997)
  • March 25 - Howard Cosell, American attorney, lecturer, and sports journalist (d. 1995)
  • March 29 - Pearl Bailey, American singer and actress (d. 1990)

April

  • April 8 - Betty Ford, First Lady of the United States
  • April 9 - Jørn Utzon, Danish architect
  • April 16 - Spike Milligan, Irish comedian (d. 2002)
  • April 17 - William Holden, American actor (d. 1981)
  • April 18 - Clifton Hillegass, American author, founder of Cliffs Notes (d. 2001)
  • April 20 - Kai Siegbahn, Swedish physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
  • April 22 - Mickey Vernon, baseball player
  • April 26 - Fanny Blankers-Koen, Dutch athlete (d. 2004)

May

  • May 1 - Jack Paar, American television show host (d. 2004)
  • May 3 - Benjamin C. Thompson, American architect (d. 2002)
  • May 9 - Mike Wallace, American journalist
  • May 9 - Orville L. Freeman, American politician (d. 2003)
  • May 11 - Richard Feynman, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1988)
  • May 12 - Julius Rosenberg, American-born Soviet spy (d. 1953)
  • May 15 - Eddy Arnold, American singer
  • May 15 - Joseph Wiseman, Canadian actor
  • May 16 - Wilf Mannion, English footballer (d. 2000)
  • May 17 - Birgit Nilsson, Swedish soprano (d. 2005)
  • May 19 - Abraham Pais, Dutch-born American physicist (d. 2000)
  • May 20 - Edward B. Lewis, American geneticist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2004)

June

  • June 4 - Johnny Klein, American drummer (d. 1997)
  • June 6 - Edwin G. Krebs, American biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
  • June 18 - Jerome Karle, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
  • June 18 - Franco Modigliani, Italian-born economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2003)

July

  • July 4 - Ann Landers, American advice columnist (d. 2002)
  • July 4 - Abigail Van Buren, American advice columnist and twin sister to Ann Landers
  • July 4 - Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, King of Tonga (d. 2006)
  • July 5 - George Rochberg, American composer (d. 2005)
  • July 9 - Jarl Wahlström, Salvation Army general (d. 1999)
  • July 13 - Alberto Ascari, Italian race car driver (d. 1955)
  • July 14 - Ingmar Bergman Swedish film director
  • July 15 - Bertram N. Brockhouse, Canadian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d.