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As a means of recording the passage of time, the 11th century was that century which lasted from 1001 to 1100. In the history of European culture, this period is considered the early part of the High Middle Ages.
OverviewThe eleventh century is, in European history, a century of change. It is usually marked as the first period of the High Middle Ages and is therefore sometimes termed the Early Middle Ages, though this term has another common meaning synonymous with Dark Ages. The century began while the translatio imperii of 962 was still somewhat novel and ended in the midst of the Investiture Controversy. It saw the final Christianisation of Scandinavia and the emergence of the Peace and Truce of God movements, the Gregorian Reforms, and the Crusades which revitalised a church and a papacy which survived tarnished by the tumultuous tenth century. In 1054, the Great Schism rent the church in two, however.
In Italy, it opened with the integration of the kingdom into the empire and the royal palace at Pavia was sacked in 1024. By the end of the century, Lombard and Byzantine rule in the Mezzogiorno had been usurped by the Normans and the power of the territorial magnates was being replaced by that of the citizens of the cities in the north. In Britain, it saw the transformation of Scotland into a unified kingdom and the Norman conquest of England in 1066. The social transformations wrought in these lands brought them into the fuller orbit of European feudal politics. In France, it saw the nadir of the monarchy and the zenith of the great magnates, especially the dukes of Aquitaine and Normandy, who could thus foster such distinctive contributions of their lands as the pious warrior who conquered Britain, Italy, and the East and the impious peacelover, the troubadour, who crafted out of the European vernacular its first great literary themes.
EventsImage:Bayeuxtap1.jpg Bayeux Tapestry depicting events leading to the Battle of Hastings
Image:1099jerusalem.jpg Capture of Jerusalem, 1099
Significant people
Inventions, discoveries, introductions
Decades and years
als:11. Jahrhundert ang:11e gēarhundred ar:قرن 11 an:Sieglo XI ast:Sieglu XI az:XI əsr be:11 стагодзьдзе bs:11. vijek br:XIvet kantved bg:11 век ca:Segle XI cs:11. století cy:11eg ganrif da:11. århundrede de:11. Jahrhundert et:11. sajand el:11ος αιώνας es:Siglo XI eo:11-a jarcento eu:XI. mendea fr:XIe siècle fy:11e ieu ga:11ú haois gd:11mh Linn gl:Século XI ko:11세기 hr:11. stoljeće io:11ma yar-cento id:Abad ke-11 is:11. öldin it:XI secolo he:המאה ה-11 jv:Abad kaping 11 ka:XI საუკუნე kw:11ves kansblydhen ku:Sedsala 11'an la:Saeculum 11 lb:11. Joerhonnert lt:XI amžius li:Elfde iew hu:11. század mk:11 век nl:11e eeuw nds-nl:11e eeuw ja:11世紀 no:11. århundre nn:1000-talet nds:11. Johrhunnert pl:XI wiek pt:Século XI ksh:11. Joohunndot ro:Secolul XI ru:XI век sq:Shekulli XI ru-sib:11-о столетте scn:Sèculu XI simple:11th century sk:11. storočie sl:11. stoletje sr:11. век fi:1000-luku sv:1000-talet ta:கிபி 11வது நூற்றாண்டு tt:11. yöz th:คริสต์ศตวรรษที่ 11 vi:Thế kỷ 11 tr:11. yüzyıl uk:11 століття uz:XI asr fiu-vro:11. aastagasada zh:11世纪
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