From AmericolaWiki
1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1965 calendar).
[edit] Events
[edit] January
[edit] February
- March 7 - Bloody Sunday in Selma, Alabama: Some 200 Alabama State Troopers attack 525 civil rights demonstrators.
- March 8 - Vietnam War: 3,500 United States Marines arrive in South Vietnam, becoming the first American combat troops in Vietnam.
- March 9 - The second attempt to march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama, under the leadership of Martin Luther King, Jr., stops at the bridge that was the site of Bloody Sunday, to hold a prayer service and return to Selma, in obedience to a court restraining order. White supremacists beat up white Unitarian Universalist minister James J. Reeb later that day in Selma.
- March 10 - Goldie, a London Zoo golden eagle, is recaptured after 13 days of freedom.
- March 11 - White Unitarian Universalist minister James J. Reeb, beaten by White supremacists in Selma, Alabama on March 9 following the second march from Selma, dies in a hospital in Birmingham, Alabama.
- March 16 - Police attack 600 SNCC marchers in Montgomery, Alabama.
- March 17 - In Montgomery, Alabama, 1,600 civil rights marchers demonstrate at the Courthouse.
- March 17 - In response to the events of March 7 and 9 in Selma, Alabama, President Johnson sends a bill to Congress that forms the basis for the Voting Rights Act of 1965. It will be passed by the Senate May 26, the House July 10, and signed into law by President Johnson Aug. 6.
- March 18 - Cosmonaut Aleksei Leonov, leaving his spacecraft Voskhod 2 for 12 minutes, becomes the first person to walk in space.
- March 18 - A U.S. federal judge rules that SCLC has the lawful right to march to Montgomery, Alabama to petition for 'redress of grievances'.
- March 20 - Poupée de cire, poupée de son by France Gall (music and text by Serge Gainsbourg) wins the Eurovision Song Contest 1965 for Luxembourg.
- March 21 - Ranger program: NASA launches Ranger 9, which is the last in a series of unmanned lunar space probes.
- March 21 - Martin Luther King, Jr. leads 3,200 Civil rights activists in the third march from Selma, Alabama to the capitol in Montgomery.
- March 23 - Gemini 3: NASA launches the United States' first 2-person crew (Gus Grissom, John Young) into Earth orbit.
- March 24-March 25 - Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) organizes the first teach-in against the Vietnam War, with 2,500 participants, at the University of Michigan.
- March 25 - Martin Luther King, Jr. and 25,000 civil rights activists successfully end the 4-day march from Selma, Alabama, to the capitol in Montgomery. Four Klansmen shoot and kill Detroit homemaker Viola Liuzzo as she drives marchers back to Selma at night after the march.
- April 6 - The Early Bird communications satellite is launched. It becomes operational May 2 and is placed in commercial service in June.
- April 9 - The West German parliament extends the statute of limitations on Nazi war crimes.
- April 9 - In Houston, Texas, the Harris County Domed Stadium (more commonly known as the Astrodome) opens.
- April 11 - The Palm Sunday tornado outbreak of 1965: An estimated 51 tornadoes (47 confirmed) hit in 6 Midwestern states, killing between 256 to 271 people and injuring some 1,500 more.
- April 14 - In Cold Blood killers Richard Hickock and Perry Smith, convicted of murdering 4 members of the Herbert Clutter family of Holcomb, Kansas, are executed by hanging at the Kansas State Penitentiary for Men in Lansing, Kansas.
- April 17 - The first SDS march against the Vietnam War draws 25,000 protestors to Washington, DC.
- April 21 - The NY World's Fair in Flushing Meadows, NY, reopens.
- April 23 - The Pennine Way officially opens.
- April 24 - 1965 Yerevan Demonstrations start in Yerevan, demanding recognition of the Armenian Genocide.
- April 24 - The bodies of Portuguese opposition politician Humberto Delgado and his secretary Arajaryr Moreira de Campos are found in a forest near Villanueva del Fresno, Spain (they were killed February 12).
- April 24 - In the Dominican Republic, officers and civilians loyal to deposed President Juan Bosch mutiny against the right-wing junta running the country, setting up a provisional government. Forces loyal to the deposed military-imposed government stage a countercoup the next day, and civil war breaks out, although the new government retains its hold on power.
- April 28 - U.S. troops are sent to the Dominican Republic by President Lyndon B. Johnson, "for the stated purpose of protecting U.S. citizens and preventing an alleged Communist takeover of the country", thus thwarting the possibility of "another Cuba".
- April 28 - Vietnam War: Prime Minister of Australia Robert Menzies announces that the country will substantially increase its number of troops in South Vietnam, supposedly at the request of the Saigon government, although it is later revealed that Menzies had asked the leadership in Saigon to send the request at the behest of the Americans.
- April 29 - Australia announces that it is sending an infantry battalion to support the South Vietnam government.
- May 1 - Bob (later Sir Robert) Askin replaces Jack Renshaw as Premier of New South Wales. On the same day, the Battle of Dong-Yin occured as a conflict between ROC and PRC.
- May 5 - The first draft card burnings take place at the University of California, Berkeley, and a coffin is marched to the Berkeley Draft Board.
- May 12 - West Germany and Israel establish diplomatic relations.
- May 13 - A West German court of appeals condemns the behavior of ex-defense minister Franz Joseph Strauss during the Spiegel scandal.
- May 21 - The largest teach-in to date begins at Berkeley, California, attended by 30,000. The next day, several hundred participants again march to the Draft Board and burn more cards, and Lyndon Johnson in effigy.
- May 29 - A mining accident in Dhanbad, India kills 274.
- May 31 - Racing driver Jim Clark wins the Indianapolis 500, and later wins the Formula One world driving championship in the same year.
- June 1 - Explosion in a coal mine in Fukuoka, Japan kills 237.
- June 2 - Vietnam War: The first contingent of Australian combat troops arrives in South Vietnam.
- June 3 - Gemini 4: Astronaut Edward Higgins White makes the first U.S. space walk.
- June 7 - A mining accident in Kakanji, Bosnia and Herzegovina, results in 128 deaths.
- June 10 - Vietnam War: The Battle of Dong Xoai begins - About 1,500 Vietcong mount a mortar attack on Dong Xoai, overrunning its military headquarters and the adjoining militia compound.
- June 16 - A planned anti-war protest at The Pentagon becomes a teach-in, with demonstrators distributing 50,000 leaflets in and around the building.
- June 19 - Houari Boumédienne's Revolutionary Council ousts Ahmed Ben Bella, in a bloodless coup in Algeria.
- June 20 - Police in Algiers break up demonstrations by people who have taken to the streets chanting slogans in support of deposed President Ben Bella.
- June 22 - The Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea is signed in Tokyo.
- June 24 - Freddie Mills, former British boxing champion, is found shot in his car in Soho.
- July 14 - U.S. spacecraft Mariner 4 flies by Mars, becoming the first spacecraft to return images from the Red Planet.
- July 16 - The Mont Blanc Tunnel is used for the first time.
- July 22 - Sir Alec Douglas-Home suddenly resigns as a head of the British Conservative Party.
- July 24 - Vietnam War: Four F-4C Phantoms escorting a bombing raid at Kang Chi are targeted by antiaircraft missiles, in the first such attack against American planes in the war. One is shot down and the other 3 sustain damage.
- July 25 - Bob Dylan elicits controversy among folk purists by "going electric" at the Newport Folk Festival.
- July 27 - Edward Heath becomes Leader of the British Conservative Party.
- July 28 - Vietnam War: U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson announces his order to increase the number of United States troops in South Vietnam from 75,000 to 125,000, and to double the number of men drafted per month from 17,000 to 35,000.
- July 29 - Vietnam War: The first 4,000 101st Airborne Division paratroopers arrive in Vietnam, landing at Cam Ranh Bay.
- July 30 - War on Poverty: U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Social Security Act of 1965 into law, establishing Medicare and Medicaid.
[edit] August
- August 1 - Cigarette advertising is banned on British television.
- August 6 - U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Voting Rights Act of 1965 into law.
- August 7 - Tunku Abdul Rahman, Prime Minister of Malaysia, recommends the expulsion of Singapore from the Federation of Malaysia, negotiating its separation with Lee Kuan Yew, Prime Minister of the State of Singapore.
- August 9 - Singapore is expelled from the Federation of Malaysia, which recognizes it as a sovereign nation. Lee Kuan Yew announces Singapore's independence and assumes the position of Prime Minister of the new island nation.
- August 9 - An explosion at an Arkansas missile plant kills 53.
- August 9 - Indonesian president Sukarno collapses in public.
- August 11 - The Watts Riots begin in Los Angeles, California.
- August 13 - Jefferson Airplane debuts at the Matrix in San Francisco, California and begins to appear there regularly.
- August 18 - Vietnam War: Operation Starlite begins as 5,500 United States Marines destroy a Viet Cong stronghold on the Van Tuong peninsula in Quang Ngai Province, in the first major American ground battle of the war. The Marines were tipped-off by a Viet Cong deserter who said that there was an attack planned against the U.S. base at Chu Lai.
- August 19 - At the Auschwitz trial in Frankfurt, 66 ex-SS personnel receive life sentences, 15 others smaller ones.
- August 20 - Jonathan Myrick Daniels, an Episcopal seminarian from Keane, New Hampshire, is murdered in Hayneville, Alabama while working in the American civil rights movement.
- August 21 - Gemini 5 (Gordon Cooper, Pete Conrad) is launched on the first 1-week flight, as well as the first test of fuel cells for electrical power.
- August 30 - Casey Stengel announces his retirement after 55 years in baseball.
- August 30 - Rock musician Bob Dylan releases his influential album Highway 61 Revisited, featuring the song "Like a Rolling Stone."
- August 30 - An avalanche buries a dam construction site at Saas-Fee, Switzerland killing 90 workers.
- August 31 - President Johnson signs a law penalizing the burning of draft cards with up to 5 years in prison and a $1,000 fine.
[edit] September
- September 2 - Pakistani troops enter the Indian sector of Kashmir.
- September 6 - Indian troops march on Lahore.
- September 7 - The People's Republic of China announces that it will reinforce its troops on the Indian border.
- September 7 - Vietnam War: In a follow-up to August's Operation Starlite, United States Marines and South Vietnamese forces initiate Operation Piranha on the Batangan Peninsula, 23 miles south of the Chu Lai Marine base.
- September 8 - India opens 2 additional fronts against Pakistan.
- September 9 - Sandy Koufax pitches a perfect game against the Chicago Cubs. The opposing pitcher, Bob Hendley, allowed only 1 run, which was unearned.
- September 9 - U.N. Secretary General U Thant negotiates with Pakistan President Ayub Khan.
- September 9 - U Thant recommends China for United Nations membership.
- September 13 - The Congress of Arab Countries begins in Casablanca; Habib Bourguiba of Tunisia boycotts the meeting.
- September 14 - The fourth and final period of the Second Vatican Council opens.
- September 16 - China protests against Indian provocations in its border region.
- September 16 - In Iraq, Prime Minister Arif Abd ar-Razzaq's attempted coup fails.
- September 17 - King Constantine II of Greece forms a new government with Prime Minister Stephanos Stephanopoulos, in an attempt to end a 2-year-old political crisis.
- September 18 - China claims that U.S. troops have used poison gas in South Vietnam.
- September 18 - In Denmark, Palle Sørensen shoots 4 policemen in pursuit; he is apprehended the same day.
- September 18 - Comet Ikeya-Seki is first sighted by Japanese astronomers.
- September 19 - Soviet Premier Alexey Kosygin invites the leaders of India and Pakistan to meet in the Soviet Union to negotiate.
- September 22 - Radio Peking announces that Indian troops have dismantled their equipment on the Chinese side of the border.
- September 24 - Fighting resumes between Indian and Pakistani troops.
- September 24 - The British governor of Aden cancels the constitution and takes direct control of the protectorate, due to the bad security situation.
- September 27 - The largest tanker ship at the time, Tokyo Maru, is launched in Yokohama, Japan.
- September 28 - Fidel Castro announces that anyone who wants to can emigrate to the United States.
- September 28 - Taal Volcano in Luzon, Philippines, erupts, killing hundreds.
- September 30 - The Indonesian army, led by General Suharto, crushes an alleged communist coup attempt.
[edit] October
- October 1 - The Indonesian army takes effective control, leading many to suspect that the Communists were in fact merely a scapegoat.
- October 3 - Fidel Castro announces that Che Guevara has resigned and left the country.
- October 3 - U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson signs an immigration bill which abolishes quotas based on national origin.
- October 4 - Prime minister Ian Smith of Rhodesia and Arthur Bottomley of the Commonwealth of Nations begin negotiations in London; they fail on October 8.
- October 4 - The University of California, Irvine opens its doors.
- October 5 - Pakistan severs diplomatic relations with Malaysia because of the disagreement in the UN.
- October 6 - Ian Brady, a 27-year-old stock clerk from Hyde in Cheshire, is arrested for allegedly hacking 17-year-old apprentice electrician Edward Evans to death at a house on the Hattersley housing estate.
- October 8 - The Indonesian army arrests and executes communists.
- October 8 - The International Olympic Committee admits East Germany as a member.
- October 8 - The Post Office Tower opens in London.
- October 9 - Yale University presents the "Vinland map".
- October 9 - A brigade of South Korean soldiers arrive in South Vietnam.
- October 10 - The first group of Cuban refugees travels to the U.S.
- October 12 - Per Borten forms a government in Norway.
- October 12 - The UN General Council recommends that the United Kingdom try everything to stop a rebellion in Rhodesia.
- October 13 - Congo President Joseph Kasavubu fires Prime Minister Moise Tshombe and forms a provisional government, with Evariste Kimba in a leading position.
- October 15 - Vietnam War: The student-run National Coordinating Committee to End the War in Vietnam stages the first public burning of a draft card in the United States to result in arrest under the new law.
- October 16 - Police find a girl's body on Saddleworth Moor near Oldham in Lancashire. The body is quickly identified as that of 10-year-old Lesley Ann Downey, who disappeared on Boxing Day last year from a fairground in the Ancoats area of Manchester. Ian Brady, arrested last week for the murder of a 17-year-old man in nearby Hattersley, is charged with murdering Lesley, as is his 23-year-old girlfriend Myra Hindley.
- October 16 - Anti-war protests draw 100,000 in 80 U.S. cities and around the world.
- October 16 - Suharto takes power in Indonesia.
- October 17 - The NY World's Fair at Flushing Meadows, NY, closes. Due to financial losses, some of the projected site park improvements fail to materialize.
- October 18 - The Indonesian government outlaws the Communist Party.
- October 20 - Ludwig Erhard is elected Chancellor of West Germany.
- October 21 - Comet Ikeya-Seki approaches perihelion, passing 450,000 kilometers from the sun.
- October 21 - The OAU meets in Accra, Ghana.
- October 22 - French authors André Figuerasand Jacques Laurent are fined for their comments against Charles De Gaulle.
- October 22 - African countries demand that the United Kingdom use force to prevent Rhodesia from declaring unilateral independence.
- October 24 - British Prime Minister Harold Wilson and Arthur Bottomley travel to Rhodesia for negotiations.
- October 24 - British police find the decomposed body of a boy on Saddleworth Moor.
- October 25 - The Soviet Union declares its support of African countries in case Rhodesia unilaterally declares independence.
- October 26 - Anti-government demonstrations occur in the Dominican Republic.
- October 26 - Police discover the body of Sylvia Likens in Indianapolis, Indiana.
- October 27 - Brazilian president Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco removes power from parliament, legal courts and opposition parties.
- October 28 - French foreign minister Couve de Murville travels to Moscow.
- October 28 - Pope Paul VI announces that the ecumenical council has decided that Jews are not collectively responsible for the killing of Christ.
- October 28 - In St. Louis, Missouri, the 630-foot-tall parabolic steel Gateway Arch is completed.
- October 29 - Mehdi Ben Barka, a Moroccan politician, is kidnapped in Paris and never seen again.
- October 29 - Ian Brady and Myra Hindley appear in court, charged with the murders of Edward Evans (17), Lesley Ann Downey (10), and John Kilbride (12).
- October 30 - Vietnam War: Just miles from Da Nang, United States Marines repel an intense attack by wave after wave of Viet Cong forces, killing 56 guerrillas. Among the dead, a sketch of Marine positions is found on the body of a 13-year-old Vietnamese boy who sold drinks to the Marines the day before.
- October 30 - In Washington, DC, a pro-Vietnam War march draws 25,000.
- October 31 - The Indonesian army announces that it is fighting with communist guerillas in Java.
[edit] November
- November 2 - Republican John Lindsay is elected mayor of New York City.
- November 3 - French President Charles De Gaulle announces that he will stand for re-election.
- November 5 - Martial law is announced in Rhodesia. The UN General Assembly accepts British intent to use force against Rhodesia if necessary by a vote of 82-9.
- November 6 - Freedom Flights begin: Cuba and the United States formally agree to start an airlift for Cubans who want to go to the United States (by 1971 250,000 Cubans take advantage of this program).
- November 8 - The 173rd Airborne is ambushed by over 1,200 Viet Cong in Operation Hump during the Vietnam War.
- November 8 - The British Indian Ocean Territory is created, consisting of Chagos Archipelago, Aldabra, Farquhar and Des Roches islands (on June 23, 1976 Aldabra, Farquhar and Des Roches are returned to Seychelles).
- November 8 - The soap opera Days of our Lives debuted on NBC.
- November 9 - Northeast Blackout of 1965: Several U.S. states (VT, NH, MA, CT, RI, NY and portions of NJ) and parts of Canada are hit by a series of blackouts lasting up to 13½ hours.
- November 9 - Vietnam War: In New York City, 22-year-old Catholic Worker Movement member Roger Allen LaPorte sets himself on fire in front of the United Nations building in protest of the war in Vietnam (this was the second such incident in a week; on November 2 32-year-old Quaker member Norman Morrison did the same thing in front of The Pentagon).
- November 11 - In Rhodesia (modern-day Zimbabwe), the white minority regime of Ian Smith unilaterally declares independence.
- November 12 - A UN Security Council resolution (voted 10-0) recommends that other countries not recognize independent Rhodesia.
- November 13 - The SS Yarmouth Castle burns and sinks 60 miles off Nassau, with the loss of 90 lives.
- November 14 - Vietnam War: Battle of the Ia Drang begins - In the Ia Drang Valley of the Central Highlands in Vietnam, the first major engagement of the war between regular United States and North Vietnamese forces begins.
- November 15 - U.S. racer Craig Breedlove sets a new land speed record of 600.601 mph.
- November 16 - Venera program: The Soviet Union launches the Venera 3 space probe from Baikonur, Kazakhstan toward Venus (on March 1, 1966 it became the first spacecraft to reach the surface of another planet).
- November 20 - The UN Security Council recommends that all states stop trading with Rhodesia.
- November 23 - Soviet general Mikhail Kazakov assumes command of the Warsaw Pact.
- November 24 - Queen Elizabeth of Belgium dies.
- November 24 - Congolese lieutenant general Mobutu ousts Joseph Kasavubu and declares himself president.
- November 26 - At the Hammaguira launch facility in the Sahara Desert, France launches a Diamant-A rocket with its first satellite, Asterix-1 on board, becoming the third country to enter space.
- November 27 - Tens of thousands of Vietnam War protesters picket the White House, then march on the Washington Monument.
- November 27 - Vietnam War: The Pentagon tells U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson that if planned major sweep operations to neutralize Viet Cong forces during the next year are to succeed, the number of American troops in Vietnam will have to be increased from 120,000 to 400,000.
- November 28 - Vietnam War: In response to U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson's call for "more flags" in Vietnam, Philippines President Elect Ferdinand Marcos announces he will send troops to help fight in South Vietnam.
- November 29 - Canadian satellite Alouette 2 is launched.
[edit] December
[edit] Unknown dates
[edit] Births
[edit] January-February
- January 1 - Laura Ingraham, American talk show host and author
- January 4 - Julia Ormond, British actress
- January 6 - Konnan, professional wrestler
- January 9 - Joely Richardson, British actress
- January 14 - Shamil Basayev, Chechen rebel (d. 2006)
- January 14 - Marc Delissen, Dutch field hockey player
- January 14 - Bob Essensa, Canadian ice hockey player
- January 14 - Slick Rick, British-American rapper
- January 15 - Adam Jones, American musician (Tool)
- January 15 - James Nesbitt, Northern Irish actor
- January 18 - Dave Attell, American comedian
- January 20 - Sophie, Countess of Wessex
- January 20 - John Michael Montgomery, American singer
- January 22 - Steven Adler, American musician (Guns N' Roses)
- January 22 - DJ Jazzy Jeff, American rapper and actor
- January 22 - Diane Lane, American actress
- January 26 - Natalia Yurchenko, Soviet gymnast
- January 27 - Alan Cumming, Scottish actor
- January 29 - Dominik Hasek, Czech hockey player
